Akbar Ali

The accurate identification of offshore geotechnical hazards is essential for the structural reliability and design optimization of offshore energy infrastructure in tectonically complex continental margins. The offshore domain, which hosts critical energy, pipeline, and foundation infrastructure, is often characterized by significant subsurface uncertainties tied to seabed instabilities, buried mass transport deposits (MTDs), and overpressure zones. To address these geotechnical risks, this study applies a high-resolution seismic stratigraphic interpretation framework to marine seismic data from the Offshore Indus Basin. This passive-margin yet tectonically reactive setting exhibits rapid sedimentation, fluid anomalies, slump scars, and folded turbidites. This study integrates sub-seabed seismic sequence stratigraphy, facies analysis, and structural mapping to delineate zones of high geotechnical vulnerability, such as under-consolidated muds, slump-prone structural packages, channel fill units, and detachment surfaces. Seismic facies and termination geometries were correlated with gas-prone layers, potential liquefiable units, and shear-weak zones. The results identify spatial hazard domains across three interpreted zones: (1) a shelf-to-slope transition zone with mixed stability and localized liquefaction risk; (2) collapsed and deformed slope sectors exhibiting rotated slumps and overpressure signatures; and (3) a deeply disturbed mass-transport complex with embedded gas zones and faulted strata. These mapped domains provide critical structural constraints for foundation siting, slope stabilization design, and long-term operational resilience in marine underground engineering. This study bridges seismic stratigraphy and geomechanical hazard assessment to support safer subsurface infrastructure design.

This study presents stratigraphic and structure findings from the southeastern Bannu Basin, a structurally complex segment of the Sub-Himalayan foreland in Pakistan. Two dimensional seismic reflection data were integrated with well-log data from the Chonai-01 and Marwat-01 wells to reconstruct the subsurface basin architecture and to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential. In general, the deformation in the region is strongly controlled by the Neoproterozoic Salt Range Formation, with salt tectonics generating anticlines, deep salt detachment, and fault systems that form favorable structural traps. Seismic interpretation reveals both normal and reverse faulting, and multiple unconformities, indicating episodic tectonic activity linked to Himalayan orogeny. Well correlation of individual formations highlights lateral stratigraphic variations, including thick Siwalik Group deposits and key reservoir units such as the Datta and Lumshiwal formations. These findings demonstrate that mild salt-related deformation and stratigraphic discontinuities play a central role in hydrocarbon migration and entrapment. The structural and stratigraphic similarity of the Bannu Basin to the Potwar Plateau underscores its significant exploration potential within the Himalayan foreland system, while the integrated seismic–well workflow provides a robust framework for future exploration.

The buildup of dust particles on the surfaces of photovoltaic (PV) panels has a major impact on their effectiveness and performance. The quantity of incident sunlight that reaches the solar cells is decreased when dust particles are present, which lowers power production and lowers total energy conversion efficiency. In this work, the emphasis is on examining the effects of dust buildup on PV panels and suggesting an innovative strategy for enhancing their performance by utilizing a slide-cleaning technique. The research begins with a thorough examination of how dust particles affect PV panels, including how they reduce light intensity and hence reduce power output. Reviewing current cleaning techniques indicates that they have costs, water use, and other drawbacks. The buildup of dust particles on the surfaces of photovoltaic (PV) panels has a major impact on their effectiveness and performance. The quantity of incident sunlight that reaches the solar cells is decreased when dust particles are present, which lowers power production and lowers total energy conversion efficiency. In this work, the emphasis is on examining the effects of dust buildup on PV panels and suggesting an innovative strategy for enhancing their performance by utilizing a slide-cleaning technique. The research begins with a thorough examination of how dust particles affect PV panels, including how they reduce light intensity and hence reduce power output. Reviewing current cleaning techniques indicates that they have costs, water use, and other drawbacks.

The best source of sustainable energy is solar energy. Interestingly, the use of solar panels grew exponentially and these are of incredible interest because they are extremely humble and effectively accessible. In any case, dust accumulation, high temperature, snow, and dirt on the outer layer of solar panels are major factors responsible for the deterioration in the effectiveness and power of solar panels. Spots of different density, shape and area also reduce performance and strength. For the regionally savvy investigation of PV cell, we thought about two solar panels, 0ne of which is dirty and the other is pristine. Both are inclined at 23.5 from the surface of earth. We then used a programmed sliding cleaning wipe process to clean the uncovered board. A model that includes a cleaning robot and a cloud interface is also used to clean the residue that has accumulated on the outer layer of solar panels. Our model consist of Arduino UNO, stepper motor, jumpers wires, pulley, belt, breadboard and 9 volt battery. In addition, an automatic arm, nifty cleaning frame, and sun-based global positioning frame are also used for cleaning purposes, but they are extravagant. The Isc of the perfect panel has been shown to be more remarkable than that of the dusty panel.

We will create biogas energy. When we breakdown organics things in scientific way and oxygen eliminate them this method work with us under the principle of renewable energy. The way we create energy from other natural resources, for example, the way we generate energy from the sun, wind and water. So like in this way we will also get energy from the food waste. But waste that biodegradable. It is including many types of waste, such as animal waste, plant waste and human waste. When we pass the waste from the scientific procedure (anaerobic process). So they give us biogas. The biogas include other as such as methane (CH₄) carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulphate (H₂S) include small amount siloxanes and moisture. Biogas we can use in different forms for example, fuel, heat and electricity etc. but mostly use for heating purpose So, the food waste is a critical subject for the administration of Pakistan. In this regard, existing waste management companies tried their best to solve the existing problem due to many reasons. So we trying to collect the data 5 UCs of the Mardan city with the help of our municipal department. This study of food waste convert into Biogas. So we trying to collect data from maximum 5 UCS per (kg/C/day). Percentage of various waste components in order to percentage of recyclables. Particularly for predicting potential of revenue generation.

In today’s world millions of people are having problem of vision. According to the recent survey of WHO about 289 million of peoples are visually impaired. This problem make them dependent on others. Recent studies shows that about 108 different methods are used for the aid of mobility of the visually impaired people. In this project we will make the use of Ultrasonic sound to enhance the obstacle detection for the blind people within the range of 3m to 4m. The project is made by inspiring from the natural navigation system of a mammal called Bat. Although the navigation for blind using ultrasonic is a complex process but here we will present only the hurdle detection procedure. The project make the use of UNO Arduino processor, ultrasonic sensors, 5V Buzzer, Arduino cable for burning, and some connecting wires. All this setup will be arranged on a cap, which the visually impaired person will wear. The ultrasonic emitter emit ultrasonic sound of high frequency which is perceived by the ultrasonic receiver after reflection from the obstacle and then passed to the processor for further necessary action in the form of some sound. Keywords: WHO, UNO Arduino processor, 5V buzzer, Ultrasonic sense