Sedanur Sakalli

Objective:This in vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of different polishing protocols on the surface roughness and gloss of two additively manufactured permanent resin materials used for definitive restorations.Materials and Method: Sixty disk-shaped specimens (12 × 2 mm) were fabricated from two 3D-printed permanent resins, Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus and Saremco CrownTec, and post-cured using a xenon flash light-curing unit. Each material was divided into three subgroups (n = 10): (1) unpolished control; (2) Diaprint 3D Twist multi-step rubber polishers; and (3) OptiDisc aluminum oxide discs. The surface roughness (Ra, µm) was measured with a contact profilometer, and the gloss (GU) was recorded with a glossmeter at 20°, 60°, and 85° incident angles, according to ISO 2813. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).Results:The polishing protocol significantly influenced the surface roughness (p < 0.001), whereas the material type did not (p > 0.05). The Diaprint 3D Twist system produced the smoothest surfaces (Ra = 0.22 ± 0.04 µm), which were significantly lower than those achieved with OptiDisc or the control group (p < 0.05). Both the polishing protocol (p = 0.001) and the material type (p < 0.001) significantly affected the gloss. The highest gloss was observed in the Saremco-Diaprint 3D Twist group (79.0 ± 4.6 GU). No significant interaction was found between the factors.Conclusion:The choice of polishing protocol plays a critical role in optimizing the surface quality of the 3D-printed permanent resins. The Diaprint 3D Twist multi-step rubber system provided the smoothest and most glossy surfaces for both materials, achieving roughness values below the clinical threshold for bacterial adhesion. Saremco CrownTec exhibited a higher gloss than Bego VarseoSmile Crown Plus, which was likely due to its filler characteristics.

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of substrate composition, surface conditioning protocol, and repair material type on the repair shear bond strength (SBS) of an aged self‐cure bulk‐fill resin composite. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 specimens were fabricated using two substrate compositions of a self‐cure bulk‐fill composite (Stela; Automix and Capsule). After initial aging by thermocycling, specimens were repaired according to a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design based on surface conditioning (mechanical roughening with or without 37% phosphoric acid etching) and repair material type (self‐cure composite with proprietary primer or light‐cure nanohybrid composite with a universal adhesive). SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed using three‐way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, and Fisher's exact tests ( p < 0.05). Results: Substrate composition, surface conditioning protocol, and repair material type each significantly affected repair bond strength ( p < 0.001). Capsule‐based substrates showed higher SBS values than Automix substrates. Phosphoric acid etching significantly increased SBS compared with mechanical roughening alone. Repairs performed with the same self‐cure composite exhibited significantly higher SBS than those repaired with a light‐cure composite. Significant two‐way interactions were observed between substrate composition × repair material type ( p < 0.001) and surface conditioning × repair material type ( p = 0.015). The highest SBS was observed in the Capsule + acid etching + self‐cure repair group. Failure mode analysis revealed predominantly cohesive or mixed failures in self‐cure repair groups, whereas light‐cure repair groups showed a higher frequency of adhesive failures. Conclusion: Repair bond strength of a self‐cure bulk‐fill composite is highly material‐ and protocol‐dependent. Utilizing a chemically compatible self‐cure material system combined with adjunctive phosphoric acid etching significantly optimizes repair longevity, especially when applied to mechanically triturated capsule‐based substrates. Clinical Significance: The selection of repair material and surface conditioning protocol significantly influences the repair bond strength of aged self‐cure bulk‐fill composites. When the original restorative material is known, repair with the same composite system following phosphoric acid conditioning may provide more durable bonding.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate whether radiopacity differs among additively manufactured permanent resins, temporary resins, and conventional resin‐based composites at clinically relevant thicknesses. Materials and Methods: Eight dental materials were evaluated and categorized into four groups: additively manufactured permanent resins (VarseoSmile Crown Plus, Saremco Print CrownTec), additively manufactured temporary resins (Arma Resin TEMP Teeth, Alias Temp C&B), conventional self‐cure resin‐based composites (Stela Automix, Stela Capsule), and conventional light‐cure resin‐based composites (Gradia Posterior, G‐ænial Injectable). Rectangular specimens (5 × 5 mm) were fabricated at two standardized thicknesses (1 and 2 mm) ( n = 10). Extracted human tooth sections and a 21‐step aluminum wedge were used as reference standards. Radiographic images were obtained using a digital intraoral radiography system, and radiopacity values were measured in mmAl using ImageJ software. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn–Bonferroni, and Mann–Whitney U tests ( α = 0.05). Results: Significant differences in radiopacity were observed among the tested materials ( p < 0.05). Additively manufactured temporary resins demonstrated the lowest radiopacity values, whereas conventional resin‐based composites exhibited the highest radiopacity. Permanent additively manufactured resins showed intermediate radiopacity values. Increasing specimen thickness from 1 to 2 mm significantly increased radiopacity values for all materials ( p < 0.001). Several temporary additively manufactured materials presented radiopacity values lower than dentin and enamel. Conclusion: The findings suggest that radiopacity varies significantly among restorative materials and is influenced by specimen thickness. In particular, the relatively low radiopacity of some additively manufactured resins may limit their radiographic detectability, which should be considered during material selection in clinical practice. Clinical Significance: Radiopacity differences among restorative materials may influence the detection of recurrent caries and restoration margins. Lower radiopacity of some additively manufactured resins highlights the importance of careful material selection for accurate radiographic diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of adhesive curing mode and composite viscosity type on the fracture resistance of reattached anterior teeth using the internal groove technique. Materials and Methods: Seventy‐two extracted human maxillary central incisors were fractured using a standardized protocol and randomly assigned to six groups according to adhesive curing mode (light‐cure, self‐cure, and dual‐cure) and composite viscosity type (flowable and packable) ( n = 12). Fragments were reattached using standardized procedures. All specimens were subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles) and fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine. Fracture resistance recovery (%) was calculated. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests ( α = 0.05). Results: Both adhesive curing mode and composite viscosity type significantly influenced fracture resistance ( p < 0.001), while no significant interaction between factors was observed ( p > 0.05). The highest fracture resistance recovery was observed in the dual‐cure packable group, whereas the lowest values were recorded in the light‐cure flowable group. Packable composites demonstrated higher fracture resistance than flowable composites across all adhesive curing modes. Conclusion: Dual‐cure adhesives combined with packable composites demonstrated the highest fracture resistance, whereas light‐cure adhesives with flowable composites demonstrated the lowest values. Clinical Significance: Dual‐cure adhesives combined with packable composites demonstrated higher fracture resistance in fragment reattachment procedures.

To evaluate the effects of commonly consumed staining beverages on the color stability and surface roughness of two additively manufactured permanent resin

Amaç: Bu çalışma SARS CoV-2 salgınının dental kliniklerde ne gibi değişiklikler yapılması gerektiğini ve bu değişikliklerin ne derecede uygulandığını anket yoluyla bulmayı amaçlamaktadır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Ankara Dişhekimleri Odası'na üye olan toplamda 385 diş hekimine SARS CoV-2 pandemisi sonucunda klinikte ne gibi değişiklikler yapıldığına dair sorular hazırlanıp online anket yolu ile ulaştırılmıştır.Bulgular: Diş hekimlerinin öğrencilik döneminden itibaren almış olduğu hastalıklardan korunma tedbirlerinin SARS CoV-2 pandemisine iyi uyum sağladığını göstermiştir.Sonuç: Anket sonuçlarına göre diş hekimleri olarak gelecekte benzeri yaşanılabilecek salgınlara karşı diş kliniklerinde salgın hastalıklara karşı etkin bir düzenleme standardı oluşturulmasının gelecekte yaşanılacak durumlara daha hızlı uyum sağlayabileceğimiz sonucu çıkarılabilir.