Ahmad Hermawan

Malang City is a city that has an increasing need for electrical energy in the technological era, which today is very much needed in fulfilling daily life, both for household, social and industrial needs. One of them is the supply of electrical energy for Public Street Lighting (PJU). If you only rely on the supply of electrical energy from grid, this is a heavy burden that must be borne by the Malang City Regional Budget to pay the electric energy consumption bill for the PJU. This study aims to determine the comparison of the use of conventional PJU with solar powered PJU (PJUTS) in the area of ​​Gading Kasri Village, Klojen District, Malang City both in terms of technical installations which include solar panels, batteries, and charger controllers as well as from an economic point of view. That shines for 5 hours every day, the solar panel power specifications are 240 Wp with 37 points of light. Budget calculations using the ACS (Annual cost system) which is obtained in the 16th year the difference from the initial investment costs and revenue from sales met at BEP (break event point) amounting to Rp. 256,761,376.00.

A cement factory, namely PT Semen Imasco Asiatic, requires a large supply of power for production. However, in the area where the cement factory was established, namely Puger District, there was no electricity capable of supplying it, so PLN built the Puger substation. In the original plan, the transmission line will be built directly from GI Tanggul to GI Puger. However, because the plant must operate immediately, the electricity supply is taken from the existing Tanggul substation-Jember substation transmission line using the T-Junction configuration. In this paper, an analysis of the power flow of the Paiton-Grati subsystem will be carried out when the power supply from Tanggul Substation to Puger Substation is passed through the T-Junction configuration or when the transmission line is connected from the Tanggul Substation to the Puger Substation directly. The result of this research is that there is no significant difference between the two conditions in power losses, voltage drop, current, and power factor parameter so that the T-Junction configuration is quite feasible to use even though it is temporary.

This study aims to analyze the average consumption of electrical energy and the Intensity of Energy Consumption (IKE) and the effect of temperature of electrical equipment in the main panel of the AB and AC buildings on the applicable electrical standards in the AB and AC buildings of Politeknik Negeri Malang. From the research, the results of the average consumption of electrical energy in each building are 2591.96 kWh and 1799.74 kWh per month, the value of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is 34.55 kWh / m2 and 34.11 kWh / m2, both results fall into the category of energy use. very efficient, all the equipment in the panels of the two buildings is in good condition according to the PLN SK DIR 520 2014 book, the highest temperature value of the safety equipment is 32.8 ᵒC at NH Fuse T. this is due to the current flowing of 34.29A, the value of the equipment with the lowest temperature of 27.8 C on MCB C16 with a maximum standard of 45 C, the current conductive capacity is still in accordance with using a 2.5 mm2 cable with KHA 46 A, while the load current for each branch is protected by MCB 10 A. For cooling in rooms that use AC The split is 28,000 BTU / hour and it is still below the standard of 38,000 BTU / hour.

In general, one of the main components used in electric power systems is a transformer. In principles, this equipment uses a magnetic process through the pairing winding where a cooling system is also applied to maintain the expected operational performance and to maintain heat transfer during the power delivery. In fact, load demand changes fluctuate depending on the behavior of energy users. This research is conducted to evaluate heat transfer in a three-phase transformer. This work also takes into the flowing current gradually based on the heat generated in the transformer. To cover these objectives, the analysis is directed to the power transformer optimization using the Artificial Salmon Tracking Algorithm (ASTA) for performing heat flow rates on-demand changes. The results obtained indicate that ASTA has a potential implementation for determining the optimal heat transfer. The demand changes have affected the power loss detected in both windings which are migrated out of heat through the cooling and fluid systems.