Arian Rahimi

In recent years, the incidence of metabolic disorders has exponentially increased worldwide mainly due to the misfunctioning of chemical reactions. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurred during pregnancy when placenta prevent absorption of sufficient insulin in mother's body. Although this disorder usually disappears after delivery, it could raise the probability of developing complications in the future. GDM is associated with adverse effects on women and their children, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, administration of probiotics as a live microorganism with the wide array of health values could contribute to restore and stabilize gut microbiota and subsequently regulate essential internal functions such as development of immunity. In this review, we focus primarily on some causes and effects of GDM in pregnant women and then Faecalibacterium prasnitzii, the most abundant butyrate-producing bacterium in gut, which have been using as a prominent biomarker in health and disease and also potential anti-inflammatory treatment owing to the production of active molecules.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) has long been the major infectious cause of mortality, ranking higher than HIV/AIDS as the most common cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. The EchA6 target of mycobacteria plays a vital role in synthesizing an important component of the mycobacterial outer membrane. The failure of TB treatment has prompted the investigation of novel anti-tubercular drugs. Objective: This study was aimed at blockage of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-wall synthesis via EchA6 inhibition to overcome resistance strain. Methods: Over 3,000,000 compounds and GSK951A (positive control) were investigated as the inhibitors in this study. The GROMACS molecular dynamic package was used to analyze the protein- inhibitor complex's conformational changes under constant temperature and pressure. Also, umbrella sampling (US) was used for free binding energy (ΔG) calculation. Results: Four compounds were chosen for the docking investigation. According to the MD analysis, the studied inhibitors demonstrated good stability and flexibility. According to ∆G obtained from US, the ∆G of GSK951A, ZINC11815220, ZINC67770050, ZINC55048326, and ZINC89700914 were -6.14 kcal mol-1, -5.25 kcal mol-1, -10.19 kcal mol-1, -8.55 kcal mol-1, and -8.37 kcal mol-1, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, ZINC67770050 is recommended for further study in the laboratory. This investigation is an important starting point for discovering anti-tubercular drugs using EchA6 inhibition.