Antonio Rodríguez Martínez

Introduction: Given the growing concern surrounding risk behaviors in adolescence and the limited exploration of self-care from a multidimensional perspective, this study is justified by the need to analyze this phenomenon in a comprehensive manner. Objectives. The overall objective was to assess the level of self-care among young people in Andalusia and analyze its variations following the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, we sought to examine the relationship between self-care and the risk of eating disorders (EDs) and negative exercise addiction (NEA). Methodology. A mixed research design was used. The quantitative phase consisted of a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1,018 adolescents to validate the Youth Self-Care Practice and Management questionnaire. The qualitative phase was based on interviews with teachers to gain insight into the social and educational context. Results. The findings revealed a strong interrelationship between the self-care dimensions, confirming family support as a significant protective factor. Regression analysis identified that greater frequency of physical activity and self-care management were significant predictors of increased ED risk. For NEA risk, only physical activity was found to be a significant predictor. Discussion and Conclusion. The study validates the PGJ questionnaire as an effective tool for early risk detection. The findings conclude that it is essential to implement a comprehensive approach that actively involves families and educational centers to effectively promote healthy habits and well-being among adolescents.

Eating disorders are a growing societal problem, especially among young people. This study aims to determine the individual and social factors that support and perpetuate the risk of eating disorders (ED) and their possible consequences on an individual’s athletic and academic performances. The sample consisted of 395 athletes between 12 and 16 years of age (M = 14.07; SD = 1.35), of whom 142 (35.9%) were female, and 253 (64.1%) were male. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on sociodemographic data, body image, use of social networks, social relationships, sports practice, risk of developing ED, and academic and sports performance. In the resulting analysis, an initial cross-tabulation was carried out to observe the body distortion of the respondents as a function of BMI, followed by a linear regression to analyze the factors influencing the risk of suffering from ED. In addition, correlations were made to determine the relationship between the risk of manifesting ED and academic and sports performance. The main results show that 77.7% of the young athletes present a risk of ED (M = 13.3; DT = 3.33) due to a high body image distortion, which becomes the determining factor. In addition, relationships with family and friends have a significant influence on this. On the other hand, behaviors related with eating disorders affect concentration (r = −0.122; p = 0.01) and fatigue (r = −0.376; p < 0.01). For all these reasons, generating and promoting prevention and early detection guidelines during adolescence is necessary.

Introducción y objetivoEl reconocimiento médico-deportivo es considerado como un punto de partida para cualquier deportista antes de incorporarse a la actividad física o deportiva. El objetivo principal es la detección de patologías cardiacas que pudieran poner en riesgo su vida, como la muerte súbita del deportista. Material y MétodoEstudio observacional y descriptivo de una cohorte de deportistas, en el año 2021, a los que se le realizó un reconocimiento médico deportivo obligatorio para la competición en una empresa especializada para ello, de acuerdo con un protocolo registrado y establecido previamente en los clubes deportivos de dos provincias españolas con el apoyo del personal de enfermería. ResultadosParticiparon 7.340 deportistas con edades comprendidas entre los 3-17 años. Sexo femenino: 1.693 y masculino: 5.647. Se obtuvieron un total de 112 casos de patologías cardiacas, un 0,69% de la muestra. Tenían conocimiento de su patología cardiaca 60 deportistas y 52 no la conocían. En el grupo de patologías cardiacas no conocidas, un 5,9% requirió intervención quirúrgica, el 21,1% se encuentra en revisión y el 73% fue dado de alta. De todos ellos, ocho tuvieron que dejar de practicar el deporte que realizaban por riesgo de muerte súbita del deportista. Asimismo, se determinó el rol fundamental de enfermería en la aplicación de este protocolo. ConclusionesSe determinó una baja prevalencia de enfermedades cardiacas, representando el 1,50% de la muestra. El reconocimiento médico deportivo aplicado para niños y adolescentes deportistas es efectivo para detectar patología cardiaca.