Hasan Hüseyin Yılmaz

The evaluation of performance-related parameters in curling is essential for achieving high levels of success. The literature on performance parameters such as balance, flexibility and core strength in hearing-impaired curling athletes is limited. The aim of this study is to compare the bilateral balance, flexibility, and core strength performance of hearing-impaired and non-hearing-impaired national curling team athletes. The research group consisted of 20 hearing-impaired curling athletes (26.8 ± 5.4 years) and 20 non-hearing-impaired curling athletes (27.1 ± 4.8 years). All athletes underwent a curling-specific balance test (CSBT), sit-reach test, and plank test. All tests were conducted under similar conditions and on a single day. The main findings of the study revealed that hearing-impaired athletes performed significantly worse than non-hearing-impaired athletes in terms of balance, plank duration, and flexibility (p<0.05). As a result, it indicates that the dysfunction of the vestibular system in hearing-impaired curling athletes negatively affects their curling performance. It is recommended that training programmes be designed to improve balance, flexibility, and core strength performance.

Reaction time is a critical determinant of performance in combat sports, where rapid visual and auditory responses are essential for effective offensive and defensive actions. Acute fatigue induced by high-intensity exercises, such as plyometric jumps, may impair neuromuscular efficiency and sensory-motor integration, thereby affecting reaction performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short-term plyometric fatigue protocol on visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) in competitive wrestlers. A total of 36 male U17 National Team Wrestlers (age: 16.2 ± 0.77 years; training experience: 7.2 ± 1.8 years) participated in a repeated-measures study design. VRT and ART were measured before and immediately after a 60 s continuous plyometric jump protocol designed to induce acute fatigue. Reaction times were assessed separately for the right, left, and both sides using a standardized computerized test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, and effect sizes were calculated using partial eta-squared (η²p). VRT significantly delayed post-fatigue (Both: p=0.019, η²p=0.147; Right: p=0.002, η²p=0.250; Left: p0.19, η²p≤0.048). Short-term plyometric fatigue negatively affects visual reaction performance but does not influence auditory reaction time in wrestlers. These findings suggest that acute fatigue primarily disrupts visual-motor pathways, which may have implications for training and match preparation in combat sports.

Reaction time is a critical determinant of performance in combat sports, where rapid visual and auditory responses are essential for effective offensive and defensive actions. Acute fatigue induced by high-intensity exercises, such as plyometric jumps, may impair neuromuscular efficiency and sensory-motor integration, thereby affecting reaction performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a short-term plyometric fatigue protocol on visual reaction time (VRT) and auditory reaction time (ART) in competitive wrestlers. A total of 36 male U17 National Team Wrestlers (age: 16.2 ± 0.77 years; training experience: 7.2 ± 1.8 years) participated in a repeated-measures study design. VRT and ART were measured before and immediately after a 60 s continuous plyometric jump protocol designed to induce acute fatigue. Reaction times were assessed separately for the right, left, and both sides using a standardized computerized test. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA, and effect sizes were calculated using partial eta-squared (η²p). VRT significantly delayed post-fatigue (Both: p=0.019, η²p=0.147; Right: p=0.002, η²p=0.250; Left: p0.19, η²p≤0.048). Short-term plyometric fatigue negatively affects visual reaction performance but does not influence auditory reaction time in wrestlers. These findings suggest that acute fatigue primarily disrupts visual-motor pathways, which may have implications for training and match preparation in combat sports.

High-intensity exercise challenges acid-base homeostasis, often limiting performance due to hydrogen ion (H⁺) accumulation. This study investigated the effects of voluntary hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia (a state of reduced carbon dioxide levels in the blood) on Wingate test performance and energy system contributions in team sport athletes. Seventeen male athletes performed 30-second Wingate tests under control and hyperventilation conditions, separated by 2–3 days. Hyperventilation involved 5 min of controlled breathing with a tidal volume of 1000 mL and a respiratory frequency of 30 breaths·min⁻¹ to induce hypocapnia before the test. Performance metrics (peak and mean power), energy system contributions (oxidative, glycolytic, ATP-PCr), and blood lactate accumulation (Δ[BLa⁻]) were assessed using breath-by-breath gas analysis and capillary blood samples. Paired t-tests revealed that hyperventilation significantly increased relative peak power (12.7 ± 1.55 vs. 11.9 ± 1.05 W·kg⁻¹, p = 0.007) and mean power (9.0 ± 0.65 vs. 8.6 ± 0.67 W·kg⁻¹, p = 0.005) compared to control. However, no differences were observed in energy system contributions (oxidative: 20.1 ± 3.9% vs. 20.4 ± 2.3%; glycolytic: 41.1 ± 4.7% vs. 41.4 ± 3.7%; ATP-PCr: 38.9 ± 5.5% vs. 38.4 ± 4.2%), total energy expenditure, or Δ[BLa⁻] (12.6 ± 1.9 vs. 12.8 ± 1.2 mmol·L⁻¹). These findings suggest that hyperventilation enhances anaerobic performance without altering energy metabolism, potentially through improved buffering capacity, neuromuscular activation, or oxygen redistribution. All values are reported as mean ± standard deviation (SD). This endogenous strategy offers a practical approach to optimize short-duration, high-intensity efforts, though further research is needed to refine its application across varied protocols and populations.

Objective: Prolonged water-only fasting has garnered significant interest for its potential health benefits, including enhanced metabolic flexibility and cardiovascular improvements. This case study explores the physiological and metabolic responses of a healthy 36-year-old male during a 10-day water-only fast, followed by a structured 5-day refeeding phase.Methods: Key parameters such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory quotient (RQ), resting metabolic rate (RMR), oxygen consumption (VO₂), and sleep quality were monitored throughout the fasting and refeeding periods. Data collection was conducted at the Laboratory of Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine in February 2025.Results: Findings revealed substantial metabolic adaptations, including a decline in RMR from 2040 kcal/day to 1342kcal/day and a reduction in RQ from 0.89 to 0.74 by fasting day 7, indicating a shift from carbohydrate to fat oxidation. Cardiovascular parameters, including blood pressure and heart rate, remained stable, while sleep patterns exhibitednotable variability, with a marked reduction in deep sleep after the third day of fasting. During the refeeding phase, metabolic and physiological parameters progressively returned to baseline levels, underscoring the importance ofdietary reintroduction in restoring homeostasis.Conclusion: This study highlights the dynamic interplay between metabolic rate, substrate utilization, and cardiovascular stability during prolonged fasting and refeeding. While the findings align with existing literature, the resultsemphasize the individuality of fasting responses and the necessity for medical supervision. These insights contributeto the growing body of evidence supporting water-only fasting as a potentially safe and effective intervention for metabolic health, warranting further investigation in diverse populations.Cite this article as: Ulupınar S, Özbay S, Bedi̇r D, et al. Comprehensive analysis of biological and metabolic changes during a 10-day water-only fasting: A case study.Arch Health Sci Res. 2025; 12, 0058, doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2025.25058.

Sportif performans; fiziksel, fizyolojik, psikolojik, zihinsel ve teknik-taktik birçok parametreyi kompleks şekilde içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Sporcuların fiziksel parametreleri diğer parametrelere alt yapı oluşturmaktadır. Bu parametrelerden en önemlisi kuvvet olarak düşünülmektedir. Kuvvet, iskelet ve eklemleri harekete geçirmek için gereken mekanik enerjiyi oluşturmakta ve harekete imkan vermektedir. Aynı zamanda hareket sisteminin önemli bir öğesinde meydana getirildiğinden birçok performans parametresini doğrudan etkilemektedir. Sporcuların kuvvet testlemelerinin yapılmasıyla antrenman takibi ve güncellemesi, kuvvet dengesizlikleri, rehabilitasyon süreci takibi, spor sakatlıkları riskleri tespit edilebilmektedir. Kuvvet ölçümleri, birçok farklı yöntem kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. Bu yöntemlerden en yaygın kullanılan ve en güvenilir veri sağlayan ise izokinetik kuvvet platformlarıdır. İzokinetik kuvvet platformlarında farklı kasılma türlerine yönelik statik ve dinamik testlemeler yapılmaktadır. Buna ek olarak sporcuların kuvvet temelli, devamlılık, yorgunluk indeksi, maksimal kuvvet, relatif kuvvet, güç ve relatif güç gibi fonksiyonel değerlendirmelerine veri elde edilmektedir. Ayrıca, sportif performans için önemli olan propriosepsiyon ile ilgili testlemelere imkan sağlamaktadır. Testlemeler sonucunda, antrenörler, atletik performans uzmanları ve kondisyonerlere önemli bilgiler sağlamakta ve zirve performans için dönemleme ve antrenman planlamalarının güncellenmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.

This study aims to evaluate the risk of traumatic brain injury by comparing data obtained from elite active boxers and healthy individuals through the application of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Trail Making Test, which are sensitive to brain damage, as well as the Verbal and Nonverbal Cancellation Test, which is sensitive to the right parietal lobe. The study is conducted with eight male boxers with an average age of 19.3±2.60 years, who had an average of 7.25±3.41 years of active boxing experience, and ten healthy males with an average age of 19.7±1.05 years, who had no involvement in any combat sport. The Kruskal-Wallis Test was employed to investigate the difference between the groups based on the data obtained from the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Trail Making Test, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to evaluate the difference between the groups in the data from the Verbal and Nonverbal Cancellation Test. Upon evaluating the results of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the control group scored significantly higher on the SDMT-1, SDMT-2, and SDMT-3 than the boxers. The results of the Trail Making Test showed that the control group completed the TMT1-A, TMT1-B, TMT2-A, and TMT2-B forms faster than the boxers, but the differences in these times were not statistically significant. In the context of neuropsychological tests, active boxers exhibited lower neurocognitive performance compared to healthy individuals

Walking is the first locomotor movement developed by humans after reflexive movements and balancing processes. This study aimed to evaluate walking patterns of middle-aged individuals who lead a sedentary life and to compare gait parameters in terms of gender and body mass index. This study contained eighty-four voluntarily participants (30.00±6.94 years; 74.02±15.44 kg; 170.23±8.94 cm). All participants were sedentary individuals who had not undergone any lower extremity surgery, did not use any movement system medication. Height was assessed by using a wall-mounted stadiometer. Weight was assesed by using Tanita TBF-300. Gait Analysis were performed by Microgate Optogait. All tests were carried out in the same air-conditioned lab which was set to 20°C and 1890 m altitude. Gait parameters were directly provided from Microgate Optogait. The differences between women and men, fat and normal weight were determined using an analysis of variance with Independent T test. All the data were shown as mean and standard deviation. In statistical analysis, the level of significance was chosen as p0.05) in all parameters. There was just significantly difference contact phase and propulsive phase according to gender and double support phase according to BMI. There was also bilaterally difference contact phase, the overweights had more imbalance and interestingly in favor of the non-dominant limb. The mean values of the gait values obtained were similarly the norm values of healthy middle-aged individuals.

The running performance and strength is important for many runners. This study aimed to examine hip joint isokinetic strength profiles of elite middle-distance runners. Nine elite middle-distance runners volunteered to participate in this study. Hip joint isokinetic muscle strength was measured using by an isokinetic dynameters. Participants performed isokinetic tests on dominant and non-dominant legs at a speed of 60°-s-1 for 10 repetitions. Isokinetic tests were conducted to flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation movements of hip at concentric/concentric mode. There was no significant difference between dominant and non-dominant legs in peak torque and relative peak torque values. When the hip flexors were evaluated bilaterally, it was determined that the non-dominant side produced higher torque than the dominant side. However, in all other movements, the dominant side had higher torque values than the non-dominant side. As a result; on evaluated all joint movements bilaterally, hip flexor/extensor and adductor muscles were in normal values. However, hip abductor and internal/external rotator muscles values were in a risky range.

Spor kavramı genel anlamıyla farklılık gösterse de en yaygın tanımlarından biri kurallar çerçevesinde rekabete dayalı fiziksel ve zihinsel rekabetin olduğu branşa göre yapılan yarışma etkinlikleridir. Günümüzde en çok karıştırılan kavram olan spor ve Beden eğitimi ve Spor ‘dur. Beden Eğitimi ve Sporda rekabet olmadan fiziksel uygunluk için yapılan rekreasyonel faaliyetler yer almaktadır. Ancak sporun içerisinde fiziksel uygunluğun yanı sıra rekabete dayalı sürekli bir gelişim ve hatasız bir performans ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu performansı değerlendirecek antrenör, sporcu ve yöneticiler için veriler çok önemli bir durumdur. Performans göstergelerini değerlendirecek verilerin incelenmesi, düzenlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi performans göstergelerinde ortaya çıkan bütün durumların ele alınmasını sağlamaktadır. Sporda performans göstergeleri antrenman sırası, müsabaka sırası ve müsabaka sonrası şeklinde üç şekilde teknolojik araçlarla alınabilmektedir. Bu göstergelerin en nesnel ve elle tutulabilir hali müsabaka ortamında sporcunun gösterdiği gerçek değerlerin anlamı spor bilimcilere birçok dönüt verebilmektedir. Müsabaka anında göstermiş olduğu gerçek tepkilerin ölçülmesinde de bu teknolojik araçlardan hemen hemen bütün spor dallarında yararlanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada gelecekte sporun bütün dallarına yöne verecek olan teknolojik sportif performans ölçüm araçlarını bir değerlendirme içerinde görerek bu alanın bilime nasıl yöne vereceğini değerlendirmiş olacağız.