Bagepalli Srinivas Ashok Kumar

Amaranthus dubius, also known as red spinach, is widely recognized for its therapeutic potential in traditional medicine, particularly across tropical and subtropical regions. This review compiles and analyses ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological data on A. dubius, underlining its applications in managing various ailments and its potential for development into modern therapeutics. Traditionally, A. dubius has been used to treat conditions such as anaemia, inflammation, digestive disorders, and fever, with high nutritional value reinforcing its role in health maintenance. Phytochemical investigations highlight a spectrum of bioactive compounds, including betacyanins, phenolic acids (e.g., Gallic and Vanillic acids), flavonoids (like quercetin, luteolin, and naringenin), and phytosterols, which are responsible for its broad therapeutic activities. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that A. dubius possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, and antianemic properties. The antioxidant effects, primarily from its phenolic and flavonoid constituents, protect against oxidative damage, while anti-inflammatory properties aid in modulating immune responses. Recent research indicates that betacyanins from A. dubius exhibit antiviral effects against Dengue Virus Type 2 (DENV-2), and its antianemic activity is supported by evidence showing enhanced haemoglobin levels. Collectively, these findings position A. dubius as a promising source of bioactive compounds for managing chronic diseases, infectious conditions, and inflammation, warranting further research into its mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings.

Sharkapunkha is common name of Tephrosia purpurea Linn. (Fabaceae), is a medicinally significant plant with extensive ethnopharmacological applications across Asia and Africa. Renowned in Ayurveda as "Sarwa wranvishapaka" (supreme wound healer), it is widely used in formulations like Tephroli and Yakrifit for liver disorders, respiratory ailments, dermatological conditions, and metabolic dysfunctions. Modern research has identified key bioactive constituents including flavonoids (quercetin, rutin), rotenoids (tephrosin, deguelin), and terpenoids (lupeol, β-sitosterol) that underlie its pharmacological properties. The plant exhibits notable hepatoprotective effects by modulating oxidative stress and liver enzymes, alongside antidiabetic potential through AMPK activation. Its neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti-obesity activities are attributed to anti-inflammatory and apoptotic mechanisms, while wound healing is facilitated by antimicrobial and tissue-regenerative actions. T. purpurea also demonstrates nephroprotective and antioxidant properties, further validating its traditional uses. Commercially, it is a critical component in hepatoprotective formulations (e.g., Tefroliv Forte, GD-Liv Syrup) for treating hepatitis, cirrhosis, and drug-induced liver damage. Despite its broad therapeutic utility, toxicological studies confirm safety at doses ≤2000 mg/kg, though caution is advised for prolonged use due to potential rotenoid-mediated mitochondrial effects. This review synthesizes ethnomedicinal knowledge, phytochemical evidence, and mechanistic studies, highlighting T. purpurea as a promising candidate for evidence-based herbal medicine. Further clinical trials are needed to standardize dosages and evaluate long-term efficacy in humans.

Amaranthus tricolor, or red amaranth, is a nutritionally dense leafy vegetable with broad medicinal and dietary applications, commonly consumed in tropical and subtropical regions. Traditionally, it has been used in Siddha and Ayurveda to address a range of conditions including diarrhea, dysentery, bronchitis, and hemorrhagic ailments. Recent studies emphasize its diverse pharmacological potential, showcasing its antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, anti-diarrheal, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, anti-melanin, anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticancer, anti-nociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities. These therapeutic properties are largely attributed to the plant’s rich profile of phytochemicals, including phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, betacyanins, and amaranthine. In terms of nutritional value, A. tricolor is an exceptional source of essential nutrients like vitamins A and C, carotenoids, calcium, iron, and several key minerals, presenting an advantageous profile over common greens such as lettuce and spinach. The plant’s antioxidant activity, critical for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), has implications for reducing oxidative stress and supporting the prevention of aging and chronic diseases. Additionally, research indicates that salt-stressed A. tricolor plants exhibit elevated antioxidant levels, suggesting a resilience that allows cultivation under diverse environmental conditions. Despite these promising attributes, specific bioactive compounds contributing to its extensive health benefits remain underexplored. This study aims to consolidate findings on the nutritional composition, antioxidant potential, and extensive pharmacological activities of A. tricolor, underscoring its value as an economically viable, nutrient-dense crop with considerable therapeutic applications and encouraging further research.

Purslane, commonly named Portulaca oleracea L., belongs to the Portulacaceae family and is widely recognized for its medicinal and nutritional value. It commonly consumed in traditional diets across Mediterranean and Asian regions as it is rich with omega-3 fatty acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic acids, which contribute to its therapeutic properties. In traditional medicine, it has been used as a febrifuge, antiseptic, and vermifuge, addressing ailments such as fever, dysentery, diarrhoea, eczema, and bleeding disorders. Recent studies have highlighted its pharmacological potential, driven by its diverse bioactive compounds. Purslane demonstrates significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, supported by the presence of alkaloids like oleraceins and isoindole derivatives, as well as flavonoids such as quercetin and kaempferol. It has been investigated for its protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, cancer, obesity, and diabetes, along with its neuroprotective properties in managing Alzheimer's and Parkinson’s diseases. Its immunomodulatory, antiviral, anti-asthmatic, and hepatoprotective activities have been documented. Purslane also exhibits cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines and holds potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation, anxiety, and depression. Furthermore, its antimicrobial activity against a range of pathogens underscores its utility in combating infectious diseases. The plant’s bioactive compounds, including specialized metabolites like cerebrosides and methoxylated flavone glycosides, enhance its pharmacological versatility. With its extensive therapeutic benefits and high nutritional profile, Purslane emerges as a multifunctional plant with promising applications in modern medicine and dietary practices. This review highlights its phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and potential role in disease management.

Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by a decline in cognitive function, with Alzheimer’s disease being the most prevalent form. Current pharmacological treatments offer only limited symptomatic relief, prompting increasing interest in alternative strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that the plant-derived compounds may play a role as potential adjuncts in the management of dementia. This review explores the neuroprotective properties of selected medicinal plants, includ

Objective: Biologic medications have greatly improved the management of complex and chronic illnesses by providing targeted, specific, and less-toxic therapies in comparison to traditional small-molecule medications. These protein-based, large therapies derived from living organisms are at the forefront of managing cancer, autoimmune diseases, and orphan diseases. As the patents for ...

Introduction: Watermelon, a tropical fruit with high water content, is rich in phytochemicals like cucurbitacins, flavonoids, glycosides, carotenoids, polyphenols, and amino acids. These compounds have anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects, and can help control blood pressure, glucose levels, and lipid metabolism. Methodology: A complete database search was undertaken using terms such as' pharmacology','extraction ...

Background and aims: Scarlet gourd, a common name for Coccinia grandis, is an essential plant due to its immense medicinal properties. It is traditionally used to treat bronchitis, cough, skin diseases, epilepsy, psoriasis, wound healing, smallpox, leprosy, gonorrhea, malaria, and jaundice. Methods: The scientific information on C. grandis was obtained from various sources, including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and other scientific databases, covering 2005 to 2022. Results: The bioactive components of C. grandis include taraxerone, lycopene, heptacosane, cephalandrine, lupenol, vitamins, triterpenoids, and saponins. The pharmacological activities of the scarlet gourd are antidiabetic, antipyretic, antimalarial, antihistamine, antihypertensive, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitussive, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antifungal effects. Conclusion: Due to its bioactive components, scarlet gourd (C. grandis) exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic and anticancer effects. However, many traditional uses remain scientifically unverified, warranting further research.

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most prevalent subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by aggressive behavior and significant heterogeneity. Understanding the causes, pathology, and emerging treatments for DLBCL is essential for improving patient outcomes. This review synthesizes current research on the causes, molecular pathology, and novel treatment strategies for DLBCL, drawing on data from recent clinical trials, genetic studies, and advancements in therapeutic approaches. Genetic mutations such as translocations involving BCL-2, BCL-6, and MYC genes, along with chronic infections and immune deficiencies, are key risk factors for DLBCL. Pathologically, DLBCL can be classified into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtypes, with differing prognoses. Emerging treatments include targeted therapies like BTK inhibitors (ibrutinib) and BCL-2 inhibitors (venetoclax), immunotherapies such as CAR T-cell therapy, and epigenetic modulators like HDAC inhibitors. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is revolutionizing personalized medicine in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by enabling the identification of specific genetic mutations. Coupled with advancements in molecular pathology, NGS is driving the development of targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and epigenetic modulators. These innovations are collectively transforming the treatment landscape for DLBCL, offering more precise and effective therapeutic options tailored to individual genetic profiles. Continued research and clinical trials are essential for further refining these therapies and enhancing their effectiveness.

MulminaTM mango juice is the brand name of the formulation containing Mangifera indica L., Centella asiatica, Curcuma longa, essential vitamins and minerals. MulminaTM is natural immune booster and stress reliever. The present study is to investigate the effect of MulminaTM mango juice for its anti-allergic property by in vivo models like: Compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation in rat mesentery, rat peritoneal fluid, milk induced leucocytosis and eosinophilia in mice and systemic anaphylaxis in mice. MulminaTM mango juice exhibited potential anti-allergic property with marked reduction in number of degranulated cells, reduction in antigen (milk) induced immunological reaction by lowering leucocytes and eosinophil count and showed protection against histamine induced anaphylactic shock. These results constitute the first report of the anti-allergic properties of MulminaTM mango juice on allergic models, as well as suggesting that this natural fruit juice could be successfully used in the allergic conditions.