Jia White

Twice-exceptional (2e) students, those who are both gifted and experience learning difficulties, are often overlooked in mainstream educational settings. This paper reports on a qualitative case study conducted in a secondary school in Western Australia, exploring the collaborative experiences of one 2e student, their educators, and their mother. Guided by the neurodiversity paradigm and a strengths-based approach, this study engaged the student, their mother, and educators in co-designing practices that addressed the student’s challenges while leveraging their interests and capabilities. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, written correspondence, work samples, and analysis of school and specialist reports. While the study found that collaboratively developed, personalised practices can enhance student engagement and wellbeing, it also revealed practical challenges, including time constraints, systemic rigidity, and limited staff understanding of 2e students. This study demonstrated the value and potential of teacher-led inquiry in promoting bespoke, strengths-based educational planning for 2e students, while highlighting the challenges of implementing such approaches within traditional school structures.

Emerging evidence supports the use of strengths-based approaches for autistic students, yet limited research has explored these approaches from the perspectives of autistic adolescents in mainstream high schools. This study used a descriptive phenomenological methodology to examine the perspectives of 16 autistic adolescents who were either in high school or had recently completed high school in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analysed using a modified seven-step Colaizzi method. Eight themes were identified, grouped under two overarching categories: (1) benefits of leveraging strengths and interests, and (2) support needed for strengths application and development. Adolescents described increased engagement and motivation when learning aligned with their interests, the value of connecting with like-minded peers, and the role of strengths in shaping future aspirations. They also highlighted supports they found helpful, including trusting teacher-student relationships, opportunities for autonomy through accommodations, interest-driven and hands-on learning, structured social experiences, and future-focused planning. These findings provide new insights into how strengths-based approaches can be implemented in high schools. Including autistic adolescents’ voices is essential to bridging the gap between inclusive education theory and classroom practice. This study offers actionable guidance for developing strengths-based approaches that foster motivation, confidence, and long-term success for autistic students. Lay This study explored autistic adolescents experiences and perspectives of strengths-based approaches in mainstream high schools. While there is growing support for recognising and building on students’ strengths, little is known about how these approaches are understood and experienced by autistic students themselves. We interviewed 16 autistic adolescents in Australia who were either still in high school or had recently finished. They shared their experiences in one-on-one conversations, and their insights were carefully analysed using a method designed to highlight key themes in how people describe their lived experiences. Autistic students described how learning became more engaging and meaningful when it connected with their interests and strengths. They valued being with like-minded peers and felt more motivated when they could see a link between their strengths and future goals. They also identified helpful supports, such as having teachers who understood them, being given choices in how they learn, doing practical or interest-based tasks, opportunities to build social skills, and support with future planning. By listening directly to autistic students, this study shows how schools can better support them to thrive. The findings offer practical ideas for making high schools more inclusive, motivating, and future-focused for autistic students in Australia and around the world.

As part of global efforts in inclusive education, more autistic students are attending mainstream schools. However, many have negative school experiences and lower educational attainment. Strengths-based approaches have been proposed to improve these outcomes, but there is limited research on their implementation in mainstream high schools. Understanding educators’ experiences with these approaches could provide insights into improving the inclusion of autistic students. This study aimed to understand educators’ experiences and perspectives on implementing strengths-based approaches for autistic students in mainstream high schools. Thirty-nine high school educators participated in semi-structured interviews or provided written responses in an online survey which were analysed phenomenologically. Ten themes were identified: (1) educator understanding of strengths-based approaches; (2) implementation of strengths-based approaches in schools; (3) identifying strengths through a holistic profile; (4) building student–teacher relationships through genuine interests; (5) strengths-based pedagogical strategies providing individualised support; (6) strengths-based curriculum adding meaning into standard curriculum; (7) strengths-based post-school transition providing pathways to adulthood; (8) the central role of collaboration in strengths-based approaches; (9) ongoing professional development equipping educators for strengths-based approaches; and (10) the impact of strengths-based approaches on individuals and school community. Educators reported favourable views towards strengths-based approaches but faced barriers across the educational system and school environment. Insights provided by educators play an essential role in closing the gap between inclusive education theory and practice, thereby improving school experiences and educational outcomes for autistic students.

Strengths-based approaches leveraging the strengths and interests of autistic students are increasingly recognised as important to meeting their school-related needs. A scoping review exploring elements contributing to strengths-based approaches for autistic students in schools was undertaken. Eighteen articles were identified, with results conceptualised according to the Bioecological Model of Development. One personal (strengths and interests), six microsystem (specialised instructions, curriculum integration, curriculum differentiation, common interests with peers, reciprocal roles and adult involvement), three mesosystem (matching resources and activities, real-life learning experiences and benefiting all students), and three exosystem (cost-effective and timesaving, collaboration with colleagues and parents and teachers’ attitude and knowledge) elements were identified. Findings highlight the interrelatedness of the elements contributing to strengths-based approaches for autistic students, which can be used to aid in the development of more inclusive school environments.