Qiaoyi Wu

Purpose Although China has successfully eliminated neonatal tetanus, non-neonatal tetanus, particularly among older adults, remains a persistent clinical and public health challenge. This narrative review synthesizes the current landscape of tetanus in China—covering epidemiology, pathophysiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment—and compares it with World Health Organization (WHO) guidance and practices in other countries to identify gaps and optimization strategies. Methods A comprehensive narrative review was conducted across five core domains: epidemiology, pathogen and pathophysiology, prevention strategies, diagnostic advances, and therapeutic interventions. Data were integrated from the WHO, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, national guidelines, and relevant clinical studies, with comparative analysis against global best practices. Results Epidemiological trends show a clear shift in disease burden from neonates to older adults, predominantly in rural areas, with high case fatality rates (10–40%) despite low incidence. Advances in antibody detection include sensitive assays (e.g., quantum dot-based lateral flow tests), while treatment guidelines prioritize metronidazole over penicillin, with specific protocols for human tetanus immunoglobulin dosing and autonomic management. Conclusion Adult tetanus highlights critical immunity gaps in China’s aging population. Refining immunization policies with WHO guidance and standardizing management may help improve outcomes. China’s experience offers a valuable reference for other low- and middle-income countries undergoing similar epidemiological transitions.

Trauma is a significant health issue that not only leads to immediate death in many cases but also causes severe complications, such as sepsis, thrombosis, haemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome and traumatic brain injury, among trauma patients. Target protein identification technology is a vital technique in the field of biomedical research, enabling the study of biomolecular interactions, drug discovery and disease treatment. It plays a crucial role in identifying key protein targets associated with specific diseases or biological processes, facilitating further research, drug design and the development of treatment strategies. The application of target protein technology in biomarker detection enables the timely identification of newly emerging infections and complications in trauma patients, facilitating expeditious medical interventions and leading to reduced post-trauma mortality rates and improved patient prognoses. This review provides an overview of the current applications of target protein identification technology in trauma-related complications and provides a brief overview of the current target protein identification technology, with the aim of reducing post-trauma mortality, improving diagnostic efficiency and prognostic outcomes for patients.

Given the continuous and growing demand for point of care (POC) diagnostic tests, attention has been shifted toward integration and miniaturization of laboratory protocols into “sample‐in‐answer‐out” devices. Microfluidic technologies have been considered an ideal solution to address the requirements of POC diagnostics since many laboratory functions can be miniaturized and incorporated onto a single integrated chip. In this review, we summarize the advances of integrated microfluidic devices for POC diagnostics in the last 3 years. Particularly, we summarize current materials used for microfluidic chip fabrication, discuss the innovation of versatile integrated microfluidic devices, especially the strategies for simplifying sample preparation in manual or self‐driven systems, and new detection methods of microfluidic chips. In addition, we describe new integrated microfluidic devices for POC diagnostics of protein‐targeted immunodiagnostics, nucleic acid molecular tests, and small molecule metabolites analysis. We also provide future perspectives and current challenges for clinical translation and commercialization of these microfluidic technologies.