Petrus Nuotio

Low‐gluten diets (LGD) are also widely followed by people not suffering from coeliac disease. This study compared oats and rice as the main cereal source of an LGD in metabolically challenged volunteers. Volunteers ( n = 69) were randomly assigned to an LGD, which was either rich in oats or rice, for 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention, concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL‐C, and HDL‐C, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, glucose, and insulin were measured from fasting plasma samples; the volunteers also completed 4‐day food and stool records, as well as questionnaires related to perceived gastrointestinal discomfort (Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) and health (RAND‐36). The intervention with oats resulted in a more substantial decrease in LDL‐C ( p _{group × time} = 0.047), more frequently normal type stool ( p _{group × time} = 0.010), and bowel movements ( p _{group × time} = 0.038) than rice (group × time interaction). The rice group experienced more constipation symptoms ( p _{group × time} < 0.001) than the oat group, possibly due to a lower fiber intake ( p _{group × time} < 0.001). A greater waist circumference decrease was observed with rice than with oats ( p _{group × time} = 0.022). Our results suggest that oats improve both biochemical markers of cardiometabolic health and perceived gastrointestinal well‐being compared to rice, thus being a crucial part of a nutritiously adequate LGD.

Purpose: To study whether different hormonal phases affect appetite regulation, food intake, and concentrations of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) during a long agonist in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocol.Methods: Fifty-four infertile women were encountered thrice, the first of which was at the beginning of their period (low estradiol). The other two visits were during a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog downregulation (low estradiol) and at the end of a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation (high estradiol). The first visit was the reference; the women served as their controls. The concentrations of leptin, GLP-1, and hs-CRP were assessed from plasma. Dietary intake was assessed using food records (FRs). In addition, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and plasma levels of estradiol, glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and lipids were monitored. Twenty-six of the subjects also had a postprandial test.Results: During the stimulation protocol, leptin concentrations elevated (P < 0.001), and energy intake decreased (P = 0.03), while estradiol levels increased (P < 0.001). GLP-1 levels unchanged (P = 0.75) and hs-CRP (P = 0.03) concentrations diminished, while estradiol levels increased.Conclusion: No increased food intake or weight gain occurred during the stimulation protocol; thus, leptin may protect from overeating during high estradiol levels, and leptin resistance may not occur during a short follow-up. Also, a favorable anti-inflammatory effect was detected. During this study, we observed no harmful metabolic effects, which might affect negatively maternal health.