Islam

Antibiotics are essential and unavoidable drugs for human and animal welfare. Antibiotics are used for treatment.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Nevertheless, curcumin is the most researched active ingredient for its numerous pharmacological effects. We investigated the impact of these curcuminoids found in Ryudai gold, an approved cultivar of Curcuma longa, on wound healing, inflammation, and diabetes. Sub-planter injections of carrageenan induced acute paw inflammation in rats. The wound-healing ability of 1% curcuminoids was examined by making a 6 mm round wound on the shaved dorsum of the mice with a biopsy punch. A single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was used to induce diabetes in mice. Curcuminoids at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight were used with feed and as a gastric gavage to treat diabetes and inflammation in experimental animals. Paw thickness was measured at 1, 3, and 6 h following carrageenan injection. After three hours, mean paw volume was 58% in carrageenan-injected mice, which was 35%, 37%, and 31% in the curcumin, DMC, and BDMC groups, respectively. Histopathology of the paw tissue demonstrated severe infiltration of inflammatory cells and thickening of the dermis, which were remarkably improved by the curcuminoids. The wound-healing abilities were significantly higher in the curcumin- (95.0%), DMC- (93.17%), and BDMC-treated (89.0%) groups, in comparison to that of the control (65.09%) group at day nine. There were no significant differences in wound-healing activity among the groups treated with 1% curcuminoids throughout the study. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes was characterized by an increased blood glucose (552.2 mg/dL) and decreased body weight (31.2 g), compared to that of the control rats (145.6 mg/dL and 46.8 g blood glucose and body weight, respectively). It also caused an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT; 44.2 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST; 55.8 U/L) compared to that of the control group (18.6 U/L and 20.1 U/L, respectively). Histopathological examination of the liver showed that diabetes caused hepatic cellular necrosis, congestion of the central vein, and parenchymatous degeneration. However, all three curcuminoids significantly decreased blood glucose levels, ALT, and AST and improved the histopathological score of the liver. These results evidenced that not only curcumin but also DMC and BDMC have potent anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anti-diabetic efficacy, and the Ryudai gold variety of turmeric could be used as a functional food supplement.

Natural substances found in dietary sources and medicinal plants have attracted considerable attention in recent years as chemopreventive agents. Spirulina is a blue-green alga that possesses chemopreventive properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spirulina on rats with inorganic arsenic (As) [sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)]-induced lipid peroxidation. 120 rats were randomly assigned to 10 groups and designated T0, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, and T9. One group was kept as a control (T0) that received no treatment. The seven groups received 3.0 mg of NaAsO2/kg body weight in drinking water and were given spirulina ad libitum. T1 was treated with NaAsO2 but not with spirulina. Two groups of rats (T2 and T3), on the other hand, were treated with spirulina without receiving any As (NaAsO2). T2 received agro-based spirulina (Ab-Sp; grown in 1.5% soybean meal media and harvested on day 12 of seed inoculation) at 2.0 gm/kg feed, whereas T3 received commercially available spirulina (Com-Sp) at 2.0 gm/kg feed. T4, T5, and T6 were concurrently treated with Ab-Sp at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 gm/kg of feed. On the other hand, T7, T8, and T9 induced by NaAsO2 were concurrently treated with Com-Sp at 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 gm/kg feed. All groups received treatment for 90 days. The efficacy of both spirulina in preventing lipid peroxidation caused by As was determined quantitatively by measuring the rats’ serum malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated that As supplementation increased serum MDA levels, whereas both types of spirulina significantly decreased them. The highest dose of Ab-Sp (2.0 gm/kg feed) was found to be the most effective in preventing lipid peroxidation in rats treated with inorganic As. Ab-Sp could be a natural, cost-effective, and safe measure to mitigate As toxicity.

Abuse of antibiotics is more common in developing countries including Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to detect doxycycline residue after discriminate and indiscriminate administration in broiler poultry. Eighteen broiler chicks, DOC (Cobb-500) was collected & reared up to 31 days. On day 16, they were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely group–A (Control group), group-B (Discriminate group) and group-C (Indiscriminate group). Each group contains 6 birds. The discriminate and indiscriminate groups were treated with antibiotic, doxycycline. In group-B withdrawal period was followed by treatment for 7 days. On the other hand, withdrawal period was not maintained in group-C, i.e. the antibiotic treatment was continued until the day of sacrifice. TLC analysis revealed that intensity of doxycycline in discriminate antibiotic group for liver, kidney, thigh muscle and breast muscle samples were found 63.33%, 65.33%, 22.67% and 26.00% respectively. And in indiscriminate antibiotic group intensity of doxycycline for liver, kidney, spleen, thigh muscle and breast muscle samples were found 50.67%, 50.33%, 39.50% and 48.17% respectively. All the samples of control group were found 0% intensity. The different among intensity were statistically significant. Overall, the present study documented the widespread abuse of doxycycline and failure to implement the recommended withdrawal period will undeniably leads to deposition of residues in broiler tissues. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2020, 6(1): 1-7

Hematological indication is an important finding for pathophysiology analysis of biological science. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the effects of residual antibiotics on hematological parameters of broiler following discriminate and indiscriminate use. Broiler chicks were reared accordingly upto 30 days and on day 14 the chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6) namely control (group A), discriminate (group B) and indiscriminate (group C). At the age of day 16, amoxicillin treatment was started and continued for seven (7) days for in discriminate group (Group B) and fifteen (15) days for indiscriminate group. In case of discriminate group withdrawal period was properly maintained as nomenclature (Seven days) whereas, there was no withdrawal period in case of indiscriminate group. The hemoglobin (gm%) of control, discriminate, and indiscriminate group was 7.07±0.099, 6.97±0.095, and 6.90±0.124; Total erythrocyte count (TEC) 2.55±0.044 million/mm3, 2.53±0.038 million/mm3, and 2.50±0.026 million/mm3; Packed Cell Volume PCV (%) 19.83±1.302, 19.33±1.054, and 18.50±0.764 respectively. There was no significant difference on blood parameter found among the groups. Therefore, discriminate and indiscriminate use of amoxicillin has no bad effect on hematological parameters of broiler. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 153-157

Cycloartenyl ferulate (CAF) is a major bioactive phytosteryl ferulate purified from rice bran ?- oryzanol. Previously we reported that CAF ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CAF on LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated that LPS (10ng/mL) treatment exhibited nuclear translocation of NF-?B-p65 in RAW macrophages, which was markedly inhibited CAF (30?M). LPS (10ng/mL) stimulation for 1-4 hours significantly upregulated iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in RAW 264.7 macrophages, but COX-2 mRNA was faster than that of iNOS mRNA. Macrophages pretreated with CAF greatly inhibited the LPS stimulated iNOS mRNA in a dose dependent manner (1-30?M), but CAF weakly inhibited COX-2 mRNA. Interestingly, CAY 10404 (COX-2 inhibitor) inhibited LPS stimulated iNOS mRNA, but not COX-2. In addition, PGE2 (1?M) upregulated iNOS mRNA but did not show any remarkable effects on NF-?B-p65 nuclear translocation in RAW macrophages. PD98059 (p44/42 MAP kinase inhibitor) inhibited iNOS mRNA, but not COX-2. On the other hand, PD169316 (p38 MAP kinase inhibitor) neither inhibited iNOS mRNA nor COX-2. Our results suggest that iNOS mRNA expression by LPS is mediated via p44/42 MAP kinase pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages, which depends on the preceding expression of COX-2 expression. CAF downregulates iNOS mRNA via an inhibition of nuclear translocation of NF-?B with different mode of action on COX-2 gene expression.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 523-531

Interlukin-33 (IL-33) is a novel cytokine of the IL-1 superfamily that is expressed mainly in stromal cells, such as epithelial and endothelial cells. It is believed to be involved in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Recently we have reported that IL-33 is up regulated in azoxymethane-dextran sulfate sodium salt (AOM/DSS)- induced in colitis in mice. In this study we have investigated the biological activity of IL-33 in cells migration in IEC-6 epithelial cells. Our wound healing assay demonstrated that IL-33 significantly enhanced cell migration towards the wound edges compared with the untreated control cells. Trans-well migration assay in presence of cells culture and wound stimulation in the lower chamber, IL-33 exhibited significant chemoattractant activity for the cells migration. On the other hand, in absence of cells culture and wound stimulation in the lower chamber, IL-33 neither produced remarkable chemokine, nor chemoattractant activity for the cells migration. These findings indicate that IL-33 interacts with wound-stimulated soluble cellular product(s) in the lower chamber to accelerate cell migration.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 577-581

Tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, expresses high level during embryogenesis and almost absent during the normal postnatal life. However, it is re-appeared in a diverse condition such as tissue injury and in the stroma of various carcinomas. In this study, we investigated the appearance of tenascin-C in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. DSS induced colitis mice demonstrated severe mucosal damage, with distortion and loss of crypts, depletion of goblet cells and infiltration of macrophages particularly F4/80 positive macrophages, granulocytes and lymphocytes in the colon tissues. These DSS inflamed colon expressed a high and dense level of tenascin-C in the severe damaged areas, whereas, moderate staining was observed in the moderate inflamed areas. DSS-induced colitis mice significantly increased macrophages infiltration in the colon tissues. These results suggested that tenascin-C extracellular matrix re-appeared in the colon tissues during inflammation.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 582-586