Agus Susatya

Enggano Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus enganus is a subspecies of Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus that range limited in Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province, Southwest Sumatra. Since a specimen collection on 11 November 1904, the occurence P. hermaphroditus enganus has not ever been reported again. There are two recent observations of P. hermaphroditus enganus in 2011 and 2020. These observations are represent recent records of this rare endemic taxa after 107 years.

Enggano Island Flying Fox Pteropus hypomelanus enganus is an endemic subspecies of bats from Enggano Island, Sumatra, Indonesia. During a field visit to Enggano Island in 2020 and 2021, P. hypomelanus enganus was observed always active during daylight, including in flight, looking for food, puffing and cleaning the hair. Here, we report the diurnal activities of P. hypomelanus enganus that represent first report behavior for this taxa.

Societal Impact Statement: Rafflesia is the genus that contains the world's largest flowers. Despite their global appeal, most of the 42 known species are now at risk of extinction. Urgent action is needed to protect these remarkable flowers. A combined approach to conservation is recommended, including a greater level of habitat protection and support for local community action groups. Rafflesia is a suitable new icon for conservation in the Asian tropics.Summary: The genus Rafflesia, which includes the world's largest flowers, has aroused curiosity among scientists for centuries and features prominently in local culture across Southeast Asia. The plant has long been used in ethnobotanical medicine and, more recently, as a source of revenue from ecotourism. But despite its acclaim, Rafflesia remains poorly understood in many respects. Taxonomy is disputed, new species are described each year, and the plant has proven recalcitrant to cultivation. This has hindered conservation, and most of the 42 known species are now severely threatened, yet only one is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). We estimate that 60% of Rafflesia species face a severe risk of extinction (equivalent to Critically Endangered [CR]). Moreover, we predict that at least 67% of known habitats fall outside protected areas, exacerbating their vulnerability. Alarmingly, recent observations suggest taxa are still being eradicated before they are even known to science. We present recent scientific discoveries and probable extinctions and highlight case studies of conservation success, with a focus on the role of local people. We propose a multi‐pronged conservation approach combining strengthened taxonomy, ex situ propagation, ecotourism, and an extension of protected areas. We suggest action devolved to local communities and awareness campaigns linked to social media networks will be crucial outside of protected jurisdictions. Finally, we propose to establish Rafflesia as a new icon for plant conservation in the Asian tropics. A combined approach might just save some of the world's most remarkable flowers, most of which are now on the brink of being lost.

This study aims to determine the sustainability status and sensitive attributes of each dimension in lowland rice cultivation in Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. This research was conducted in September - October 2021 in Tugumulyo District, Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra Province. Sustainability analysis is carried out using Multi Dimensional Scaling analysis which consists of 5 dimensions, namely ecological, socio-cultural, economic, technological and infrastructure, as well as legal and institutional dimensions. The results showed that the multidimensional sustainability index value of paddy farming in Tugumulyo District was 44.30 with a less sustainable status. Ecological, economic, socio-cultural as well as legal and institutional dimensions have a sustainability status classified as less sustainable. While the dimensions of technology and infrastructure are quite sustainable. Sensitive attributes on the ecological dimension include the suitability of paddy fields, the use of organic fertilizers and biological/biological pesticides. Sensitive attributes on the economic dimension include the incidence of crop failure, labor fees for farming, the availability of labor if needed and the price of pesticides for paddy rice farming. Sensitive attributes on the socio-cultural dimension include water conflicts between farmers or the practice of swift water pools, the level of labor absorption from rice farming, farmers knowledge of calm lowland rice cultivation techniques and a culture of mutual cooperation in lowland rice cultivation such as cleaning irrigation canals. Sensitive attributes on the technology and infrastructure dimensions include the availability of supporting tools for lowland rice farming, availability of seeds, fertilizers, and pest control drugs for lowland rice diseases, standardization of rice quality and operational control of lowland rice cultivation tools. Sensitive attributes on the legal and institutional dimensions are the availability of microfinance schemes for lowland rice farming, the local governments budget for lowland rice farming and the presence of water regulatory officers. Keywords : Multidimensional, rice business, sensitive attribute, sustainability analysis