Renuka Prasad

Climate Finance has gained prominence as a vital instrument to support the global transition towards environmental sustainability. While existing studies primarily emphasise carbon dioxide reduction, relatively little is known about how climate finance affects broader ecological outcomes and the role of adaptation finance. This study examines the influence of climate finance—disaggregated into mitigation and adaptation flows—on multiple sustainability indicators across 33 Asian economies from 2000 to 2021. Environmental outcomes are measured through carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide emissions, as well as the ecological footprints and the load capacity factor, thereby providing a multidimensional view of sustainability. To address endogeneity and dynamic effects, the analysis employs a dynamic panel approach using the two‐step system generalised method of moments. The results indicate that climate finance significantly reduces methane and nitrous oxide emissions, while enhancing the load capacity factor; its effects on carbon dioxide emissions and the ecological footprint remain limited. Adaptation finance has a stronger positive impact on ecological sustainability than mitigation finance, underscoring the importance of a balanced allocation between the two components. Economic growth, trade openness and industrial activity continue to increase environmental pressures, which calls for stronger governance frameworks and improved institutional mechanisms to ensure effective use of climate finance. By extending the scope beyond CO ₂ ‐centric analyses and distinguishing between mitigation and adaptation flows, this study contributes fresh evidence to the climate finance literature. The findings carry important implications for policymakers, emphasising the need to align financial allocations with the Paris Agreement and Sustainable Development Goals to achieve lasting sustainability outcomes.

Amidst increased climatic disasters, persisting social evils, and governance concerns, sustainable finance and its new and innovative financial instruments have gained prominence across stakeholders globally. Green, social sustainability, sustainability‐linked, and transition (collectively GSS+) debt have a market worth USD 3.9 trillion since 2007 (Climate Bonds Initiative, 2018). We provide a comprehensive review of the evolution and future research directions of the sustainable finance research field by analysing overall publication trends, subject categories, co‐authorship networks, keywords, countries and institutions, journal co‐citation, and cluster analysis. Findings include the emergent need for greater collaboration among authors globally. Future research directions include research questions for themes such as carbon emission trading, financial inclusion, reporting of proceeds related to sustainable finance to prevent greenwashing, the impact of climate change and climate finance on sustainable finance, mobilisation of sustainable finance through green bonds, and technological interactions between sustainable finance and blockchain and artificial intelligence. The study also provides implications for the stakeholders.