Ali Umar

Myo-inositol oxygenase (MIOX) plays an essential role in metabolic pathways and cell processes, controls oxidative stress response mechanisms, and balances osmotic stress in aquatic organisms. Molecular docking and structural analysis of the MIOX gene have been accomplished in this work. The MIOX gene has a length of 3608 bp, which encodes 286 amino acids (AA). The secondary structure revealed α-helical and random coils containing 40.56% alpha helices, 38.81% random coils, 14.69% extended strands, and 5.94% beta turns. The subcellular localization results showed that 56% of the MIOX gene is found in cytoplasm and then 10% in lysosome. The Ramachandran plot analysis showed that 90.2% of residues fall in the most favored region and 9.8% in the additional allowed region. Virtual screening of ligands and molecular docking of inositol (CID-892) and D-glucuronic acid (CID-94715) showed the highest docking score values of − 4.015 and − 3.563, respectively. The Potential Energy OPLS3e was − 1632.608 and − 1545.687. Inositol and D-glucuronic acid interacted with different residues of MIOX protein. However, a greater binding affinity of MIOX was observed with inositol than with D-glucuronic acid. This signifies the biochemical role of inositol that helps in determining the enzymatic efficiency. So, this study offers insights into protein modeling, molecular docking, and virtual screening of ligands against the MIOX receptor, revealing aspects of drug design and preventive approaches for fish salinity tolerance.

The current study explores the synthesis, characterization and toxicity of copper oxides (CuO-NPs) in albino mice. The nanoparticles exhibited a porous, rough-surfaced, spherical morphology; XRD confirmed their crystalline nature, while FTIR revealed key functional groups of CuO-NPs. The 30 days H1 (5 mg/kg) and H2 (15 mg/kg) CuO-NPs exposure induced significant alterations in haematological parameters, including elevated white blood cell counts, particularly neutrophils, platelets and a significant decrease in haemoglobin and platelets distribution width. Biochemical analyses revealed changes in lipid profile, kidney, and liver biomarkers, indicating potential toxicity. Histological studies of the liver indicated sinusoidal lumen, necrosis, opening of the central vein, lymphocytic infiltration, irregular nucleus, degeneration of hepatocytes, and antinucleosis. In the kidney, glomerular destruction, necrosis, tubular degeneration, vascular degeneration, anisokaryosis, and expansion of the central vein were recorded. The heart tissues showed congestion, fatty degeneration, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis in the treated group. Molecular interactions revealed CuO NPs interacted with albumin, AST, bilirubin, and fibrinogen via hydrogen and covalent bonds, showing potential toxicity. This study highlights the link between nanomaterial properties, physiological changes, and molecular interactions underlying CuO NP toxicity, emphasizing the need for further research on their safe use and biomedical applications.

In this work, a selective membrane for antibiotics removal from water was fabricated. The ingredients utilized for membrane fabrication include functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and poly vinyl imidazole (PVIM). Firstly, TiO₂ nanostructure’s surface was functionalized through APTES. The layer of functional monomers methyl methacrylate (MMA) and VIM (vinyl imidazole) was grafted onto TiO₂ surface through controlled radical polymerization technique. The grafted material was fabricated into membrane with embedded selectivity utilizing molecular imprinting method. The material was diagnostically analyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technique, which confirm functionalization of nanomaterial surface. The grafted layer around the nanoparticles was visualized with FESEM. The hybrid membrane shows excellent and promising results against removal of antibiotics from aqueous medium. The fabricated membranes via Molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) technique were applied for the selective removal of antibiotics (ciprofloxacin) from real water samples. The removal efficiency and selectivity of the hybrid membrane was monitored via UV visible spectroscopy.

This study was designed to establish the reference values of hematological, liver function (LFT), renal function (RFT), and cholesterol profiles in homing pigeons (Columba livia domestica) to provide baseline data for their health evaluation. Blood samples were collected from male and female homing pigeons during the breeding season in Okara, Pakistan. The hematological parameters revealed that hemoglobin (Hb) levels were 23.53±1.22 g/dL in males and 26.77±2.01 g/dL in females, while total RBCs were 3.63±1.39 ×10⁶/µL in males and 2.73±0.70 ×10⁶/µL in females. PCV was recorded as 58.10±1.59% in males and 61.63±1.35% in females. MCV was significantly higher in females (178±2.29 fL) than males (163.1±1.63 fL). In the biochemical analysis, serum total protein was 7.46±1.22 g/dL in males and 7.1±0.89 g/dL in females, while cholesterol levels were significantly higher in females (230.8±1.43 mg/dL) compared to males (220.7±2.05 mg/dL). Serum Urea levels were 18.33±2.05 mg/dL in males and 28±1.63 mg/dL in females, while serum creatinine was 0.9±0.24 mg/dL in males and 1.33±0.47 mg/dL in females. Highly significant differences (p<0.01) were found in WBCs, MCV, RDW-CV, MPV, eosinocytes, serum alkaline phosphatase, ALT, and serum urea values between male and female pigeons. In conclusion, the present study successfully provides baseline hematological and biochemical reference values for male and female homing pigeons, which can assist in their health monitoring and clinical assessments. It is recommended that future research should include larger sample sizes from different regions to develop a comprehensive health profile of Columba livia domestica for conservation and veterinary purposes.

Health education awareness plays a critical role in shaping individual health behaviors, including sleep patterns, mental resilience, and overall well-being. However, the extent of its influence on these aspects remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of health education awareness on sleep quality, stress management, mental health, and preventive healthcare behaviors. A comparative analysis was conducted among individuals with and without health education awareness. Data were collected through structured questionnaires assessing key areas, including sleep hygiene, mental well-being, stress management techniques, preventive healthcare engagement, and lifestyle behaviors. Mean scores and standard deviations were analyzed to evaluate differences between the two groups. The findings reveal a strong correlation between health education awareness and improved health outcomes. Participants with health education awareness reported significantly better sleep hygiene, with more consistent sleep schedules and fewer disturbances. They also exhibited higher mental resilience, actively engaging in stress management techniques such as mindfulness, exercise, and social support. Additionally, they demonstrated greater engagement in preventive healthcare measures, such as regular medical check-ups and health monitoring. In contrast, those lacking health education awareness displayed poorer sleep quality, higher stress levels, and lower adherence to preventive health practices. Health education awareness serves as a silent but powerful catalyst for improved sleep, enhanced mental resilience, and overall well-being. By fostering knowledge about health-promoting behaviors, it empowers individuals to adopt proactive healthcare measures, leading to long-term health benefits. These findings highlight the urgent need for widespread health education initiatives to bridge knowledge gaps and promote healthier lifestyles across populations.

Swans, geese, and ducklings falling under the Anatedae group are important waterfowls to water systems. In this study, migratory birds that cover long distances are affected by some environmental stressors, especially heavy metal contamination. Al, Pb, Hg, Cd, Ni, and other similar metals are received by water structures and are natural in water, but these metals in high concentrations negatively affect the quality of water. Birds drink the polluted water and feed on polluted food, which results in the bioaccumulation of these metals in their body tissues. It leads to several diseases in body organs such as the liver, kidneys, and brain, respiratory disorders, oxidative stress, and alterations in metabolism activities. Some heavy metals known include lead and mercury, which poison the enzymes, which are crucial in the energy metabolism, hence survival. Effects of long-term exposure are DNA change, hereditary disorders, and reproductive problems such as eggshell hardness and fertility. Birds and waterfowl in particular, which may act as bioassays of the ecosystem, have experienced falls in their population because of contamination from heavy metals, which affects food chains through migration. This can only be done through concerted efforts among nations, constant monitoring of the quality of water in these habitats, and controlling water pollution with a view to preserving these birds and their habitats.

Silver iodide (AgI) nanostructures have been considered as promising candidates for optical biosensors owing to their optical characteristics of optical properties, including tunable surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence enhancement. Such properties let one analyze biomolecules with high sensitivity, which makes them ultra-useful in diagnostics. The formed AgI nanostructures can be synthesized using chemical precipitation and template methods that enable fine-tuning of the morphology and crystallinity of the final nanostructure. The presence of SPR enhances optical signals potentially, and fluorescence enhancement helps visualize biomolecule interactions easier as the analyte concentration is usually low. Such uses of biosensors include applications in proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules for progress in disease diagnosis and pharmacogenomics. Moreover, the good biocompatibility level of the created AgI nanostructures makes it possible to integrate them into biological systems safely, increasing their usage in medicine. This integration of their appealing optics, biosensing operating principles, and biocompatibility establishes their centrality in the creation of future photonic biosensors for faster, intuitive, and painless detection.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are at the forefront as they are providing unprecedented solutions to obstacles and issues in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Due to their size, surface characteristics, and ability to be functionalized, these carriers can directly deliver therapeutics across what is considered one of the main barriers to central nervous system (CNS) treatment, the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Through nano-technology, anti-disease agents such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s therapies become more bioavailable, specific in action, and with fewer side effects. The NPs serve as molecular carriers that facilitate transport across the BBB by receptor-mediated transcytosis or by disruption of the barrier with a view to properly delivering drugs to the neural tissues. Some of the therapeutic applications of nanotechnology also present the concept of molecular medicine since the NPs are designed to deliver drugs in accordance with specific biomolecule signals. Besides the therapeutic applications, NPs replace the traditional contrast media for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans for better diagnosis as well as disease tracking in the early stages. In addition, their effects on solubility increase the therapeutic potential of earlier useless compounds, and the preservation of bioactive molecules from degradation increases the therapeutic capacity of medications. Neurodegenerative disorders are marked by oxidative stress and inflammation that contribute to the disease severity; thus, liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric NPs encapsulate antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, so they target the areas most affected by the disease. Such sophisticated systems minimize the extension of neuronal deterioration and enhance the lot of such patients. The “theranostic” NPs allow for continuous diagnosis and treatment by containing both diagnostic and therapeutic features. These have created unprecedented opportunities to meet the unmet needs in CNS disorders and may revolutionize the evolution of managing neurodegenerative diseases and innovative neuroimaging procedures in the future.