Tanaya Saha

The renewable energy market in the United States of America (USA) has experienced several crests and troughs owing to the changes in the climate policies. These changes in the climate policies have impacted the climate risk management scenario in the USA. This impact has changed the behavioral pattern of the renewable energy drivers, and a supply‐side analysis of this aspect is largely ignored in the literature. In this pursuit, the present study aims at analyzing the moderating role of climate policy uncertainty in shaping the behavior of renewable energy drivers in the USA. Given the risk analysis perspective, a novel multivariate quantile‐on‐quantile causality test is introduced in the present study to address five aspects of risk analysis, i.e., tail dependence, co‐movement, predictability, multivariate, and asymmetric impact. Moreover, this test also addresses the omitted variable bias and absence of ortho‐partiality distribution, which were inherent to Granger causality test. Along with the analysis at the national level, a firm‐level analysis is also done by taking the top‐5 renewable energy generation firms of the USA. The results show that the climate policy uncertainty has a dampening effect on the renewable energy drivers, and this effect differs at the firm level. These impacts show a significant policy dimension for addressing the climatic risk management concerns in the USA, while achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 objectives.

The global nonattainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 indicates the issue of rising gender inequality. The educated women shying away from the labor force is worsening it. The institutional and political dynamics of an economy might shape the female labor force participation. A gender‐inclusive policy environment involving these factors should drive the educated women in joining the labor force. The female political representation might shape this policy dynamics. However, the absence of a benchmark policy framework is restraining the realization of this objective. The present study has attempted to develop this policy framework by analyzing the aforesaid dynamics across 125 countries over 1990–2020. The study outcomes obtained via elasticity modeling show that realigning the institutional and political dynamics is necessary to ensure the labor force participation of educated women. The women political participation is found to catalyze this policy objective. The study outcomes are utilized to develop a policy framework for attaining the objectives of SDG 5.

The energy transition process might face cognitive bankruptcy because of prevailing gender bias in the energy sector. Policy reorientation is needed to ensure diminishing of gender bias in the transition process. The political risk persisting within the economy, as well as among its international counterparts, also needs to be internalized within this framework. Existing regulatory infrastructure might possibly have an impact on shaping the dimensions of this association. The present study aims at analysing the effect of energy transition on gender inequality in the USA in light of political risk and regulations. Moderation effects are captured using marginal impact analysis. The estimation results show that although energy transition increases gender inequality, it is reduced in the presence of moderation. The policy framework developed in the study is aimed at attaining the objectives of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 and 7.

Purpose: The global non-attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 indicates the issue of rising gender inequality. Educated women shying away from the labor force is worsening it. The labor market dynamics might shape the female labor force participation (FLFP). The present study recommends a policy framework by analyzing this dynamism across 125 countries over 1990–2020.Design/methodology/approach: The Two-step System Generalized Method of Moments is used to address endogeneity bias. Dynamism in policy environment is captured by relaxing the Ceteris Paribus condition in the empirical model.Findings: Results show that the moderation of labor market factors has increased with the attainment of Secondary and Tertiary Education. Results also highlight that these factors promote FLFP through prospective opportunities but also hinder female participation through employer’s discrimination despite educational attainment.Originality/value: Studies have examined the role of education on FLFP. However, prior research has not investigated the role of labor market factors in influencing the impact of education on FLFP. The consideration of these factors will help in addressing the global policy lacuna by recommending a policy framework for enhancing FLFP through internalization of the externalities exerted by the labor market factors, and thereby, help the countries attaining the SDG 5 objectives.