Ali Veisi

Purpose Toxoplasmosis is a widespread parasitic infection; it affects about 30% of the global population, either through acute toxoplasmosis or its sequels. Our aim was to determine how curcumin affected testicular infection in mice with chronic toxoplasmosis using toxoplasma gondii strain ME49. Methods Forty male BALB/c mice (6–8 weeks old) weighing between 20 and 25 g were randomly divided into four groups. The control group, uninfected animals, received 1 cc of normal saline (vehicle) for 2 weeks. Toxo infection in the Toxo and Toxo + CUR groups continued for 4 weeks. After infection, animals in the Toxo and Toxo + CUR groups were treated orally for 2 weeks with 1 cc of normal saline (vehicle) or curcumin (CUR) (200 mg/kg) respectively [1]. Levels of oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities and gene expression, sperm parameters, and histopathological changes were measured and evaluated [1]. Levels of oxidative stress indicators, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression, sperm parameters and histopathological changes were measured and evaluated. Results Toxoplasma gondii infection decreased the activity and gene expression of testosterone and serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT), while elevating FSH and LH levels. Histological alterations, including maturational anomalies, intratubular necrosis, and inflammatory infiltration, were noted in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Curcumin decreased FSH and LH levels while enhancing sperm parameters, histological alterations, and the activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT), as well as testosterone levels. Conclusion Curcumin treatment mitigated testicular infection induced by Toxoplasma gondii by enhancing antioxidant enzymes, improving sperm parameters, and decreasing pathological alterations in testicular tissue.

Exercise and fasting, by activating hypothalamic neurons, lead to appetite regulation, increased energy efficiency, increased brown fat cells, and weight loss. Additionally, fasting and exercise affect brain plasticity and cognitive function by reducing oxidative brain damage and increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), potentially reducing the risk of neurological diseases. In humans, these lifestyle interventions can also modulate autophagy and apoptosis in lymphocytes, especially natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, and B cells, which play an important role in fighting cancer and virus-infected cells. Fasting and exercise increase the concentration of autophagic monocytes, enhance killer T lymphocytes, strengthen the immune system, and delay cancer progression. Fasting and exercise can improve metabolic and inflammatory parameters through immune-related molecules, reducing systemic inflammation. Furthermore, they are associated with changes in the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbes, including an increase in beneficial microbes and a decrease in pathogenic bacteria, along with intestinal epithelial integrity.

Objective: Androgenic steroids abuse among young athletes has long-term health consequences, causing profound damage to vital organs such as the heart, blood vessels, brain, liver, gonads, kidneys, and skin. Results: In the vessels, steroids cause plaque formation, vascular calcification, thrombosis, and coronary artery disease, and in the heart, they lead to pathological fibrosis, dilated cardiomyopathy, heart failure, fatal ventricular arrhythmias, acute myocardial infarction, and reduced ejection fraction. The brain also suffers from cognitive decline, memory impairment, and a constellation of neurotransmitter abnormalities that lead to depression. In the liver, the consequences are severe and manifest as increased oxidative stress, liver dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, cholestatic jaundice, liver tumours, cell death, and elevations in liver enzymes, bilirubin, and cholesterol. Male athletes experience testicular atrophy, temporary suppression of spermatogenesis, hypogonadism, reduced fertility, infertility, and hormonal imbalance. In contrast, women experience ovarian dysfunction and menstrual irregularities. In the kidney, steroids lead to increased inflammatory cytokines, fibrosis, renal tubular hypertrophy, glomerular changes, and structural damage, and show higher levels of serum creatinine, urinary protein, and cystatin C. In athletes, steroids can lead to various skin problems such as acne, gynecomastia, prostatitis, and alopecia.

Given the numerous adverse effects of lung cancer treatment, more research on non-toxic medications is urgently needed. Curcumin (CUR) and berberine (BBR) combat drug resistance by controlling the expression of multidrug resistant pump (MDR1). Fascinatingly, combining these medications increases the effectiveness of preventing lung cancer. Their low solubility and poor stability, however, restrict their therapeutic efficacy. Because of the improved bioavailability and increased encapsulation effectiveness of water-insoluble medicines, surfactant-based nanovesicles have recently received a great deal of attention. The current study sought to elucidate the Combination drug therapy by herbal nanomedicine prevent multidrug resistance protein 1: promote apoptosis in Lung Carcinoma. The impact of several tween (20, 60, and 80) types with varied hydrophobic tails on BBR/CUR-TNV was evaluated. Additionally, the MDR1 activity and apoptosis rate of the BBR/CUR-TNV combination therapy were assessed. The encapsulation effectiveness of TNV was affected by the type of tween. With the TNV made from tween 60, cholesterol, and PEG (47.5: 47.5:5), more encapsulation effectiveness was attained. By combining CUR with BBR, especially when given in TNV, apoptosis increased. Additionally, when CUR and BBR were administered in combination, they significantly reduced the risk of MDR1 development. The current work suggests that the delivery of berberine and curcumin as a combination medication therapy via tween-based nanovesicles may be a potential lung cancer treatment.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly fatal gynecologic malignancy, often diagnosed at an advanced stage which presents significant challenges for disease management. The clinical application of conventional tissue biopsy methods and serological biomarkers has limitations for the diagnosis and prognosis of OC patients. Liquid biopsy is a novel sampling method that involves analyzing distinctive tumor elements secreted into the peripheral blood. Growing evidence suggests that liquid biopsy methods such as circulating tumor cells, cell-free RNA, circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and tumor-educated platelets may improve early prognosis and diagnosis of OC, leading to enhanced therapeutic management of the disease. This study reviewed the evidence demonstrating the utility of liquid biopsy components in OC prognosis and diagnosis, and evaluated the current advantages and limitations of these methods. Additionally, the existing obstacles and crucial topics for future studies utilizing liquid biopsy in OC patients were discussed.