Jifu Wang

The present study employed a combination of behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures to investigate the effect of ego depletion on perceptual anticipation in tennis-trained undergraduates under negative emotion. The findings will provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing training efficacy in this specific population. Negative emotion was induced by film clips, while ego-depletion was elicited through a Stroop task. Perceptual anticipation was evaluated using temporally occluded tennis videos. Under negative emotion, participants exhibited shorter reaction time and higher accuracy either in the low ego-depletion state or at 160 ms after hitting the ball. Additionally, there was a shorter N2 peak latency at 160 ms after hitting the ball than at the moment of hitting the ball. The peak amplitudes of N2, P3, and LNC mean amplitude were significantly lower under the low ego-depletion state than those under the high ego-depletion state (p < 0.05). The peak amplitudes of N2 and P3 were higher at the moment of hitting the ball than at 160 ms after hitting the ball. Under negative emotion, tennis-trained undergraduates exhibited faster perceptual anticipation speed, higher accuracy, and a reduced allocation of cognitive resources in a low ego-depletion state. Compared to the moment of hitting the ball, tennis-trained undergraduates exhibited better speed-accuracy, earlier attention control, and reduced allocation of attentional and cognitive resources at 160 ms after hitting the ball. The findings suggest that tennis coaches should enhance players' emotional self-regulation skills, optimize training environments, and reduce ego depletion to improve their performance.

The present study employed a combination of behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) measures to investigate the effect of ego depletion on perceptual anticipation in tennis-trained undergraduates under negative emotion. The findings will provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing training efficacy in this specific population. Negative emotion was induced by film clips, while ego-depletion was elicited through a Stroop task. Perceptual anticipation was evaluated using temporally occluded tennis videos. Under negative emotion, participants exhibited shorter reaction time and higher accuracy either in the low ego-depletion state or at 160 ms after hitting the ball. Additionally, there was a shorter N2 peak latency at 160 ms after hitting the ball than at the moment of hitting the ball. The peak amplitudes of N2, P3, and LNC mean amplitude were significantly lower under the low ego-depletion state than those under the high ego-depletion state (p < 0.05). The peak amplitudes of N2 and P3 were higher at the moment of hitting the ball than at 160 ms after hitting the ball. Under negative emotion, tennis-trained undergraduates exhibited faster perceptual anticipation speed, higher accuracy, and a reduced allocation of cognitive resources in a low ego-depletion state. Compared to the moment of hitting the ball, tennis-trained undergraduates exhibited better speed-accuracy, earlier attention control, and reduced allocation of attentional and cognitive resources at 160 ms after hitting the ball. The findings suggest that tennis coaches should enhance players' emotional self-regulation skills, optimize training environments, and reduce ego depletion to improve their performance.

The present study tested the intrinsic ERP features of the effects of acute psychological stress on speed perception. A mental arithmetic task was used to induce acute psychological stress, and the light spot task was used to evaluate speed perception. Compared with judgments in the constant speed and uniform acceleration motion, judgments in the uniform deceleration motion were made more quickly and with higher accuracy; attention control was higher and peaked later; and there was longer N2 peak latency, larger N2 peak amplitude, and lower mean amplitude of the late negative slow wave (SW). Under stress, the reaction time was significantly shorter. The N2 peak amplitude and SW mean amplitude were significantly higher, attention control was higher and appeared earlier, and there was a greater investment of cognitive resources. The type of movement and evoked stress also interacted to predict behavioral and ERP measures. Under acute stress, judgments made in the uniform deceleration motion condition elicited lower N2 peak latency, higher attention control, and later peak attention. The results suggest that judgments of the speed of decelerating motion require a lower investment of cognitive resources than judgments of other kinds of motion, especially under acute stress. These findings are best interpreted in terms of the interaction of arousal and attention.