Mostafa Hassanlou

We propose and develop a unified framework for Weyl-type symmetry in von Neumann algebras. Motivated by recent automorphism-rigidity phenomena that identify finite Weyl groups inside automorphism groups of crossed products arising from lattice actions on homogeneous spaces, we introduce the Weyl group of an inclusion $W(M;B):={\mathrm{Aut}}_B\left(M\right)/{\mathrm{Inn}}_B\left(M\right)$, for a unital inclusion $B\subset M$ of von Neumann algebras, and investigate its structure across several rigidity regimes. Our main results (1) prove finiteness or triviality of $W(M;B)$ for large classes of nonamenable crossed products, including hyperbolic and product-type actions with spectral gap and malleability; (2) establish a subgroup-normalizer rigidity principle for inclusions $L(\Lambda )\subset L(\Gamma )$ that identifies ${\mathrm{Aut}}_{L(\Lambda )}\left(L(\Gamma )\right)$ with a discrete group controlled by $N_{\Gamma }(\Lambda )$; (3) show that permutation-type symmetry for product/tensor decompositions is the only possible nontrivial symmetry of the underlying group subalgebras; and (4) extend the analysis to type III factors via Maharam extensions and unique-Cartan phenomena, proving that $W(M;B)$ is discrete and often trivial, leaving only modular flows as outer symmetries. Consequences include new computations of outer automorphism groups, constraints on intermediate subalgebras, and classification consequences for crossed products and amalgamated free products. The methods combine Popa’s intertwining-by-bimodules, spectral-gap and s-malleable deformations, boundary/ucp-map rigidity, and groupoid/Cartan techniques.