Mahsa Pourmahdi-Boroujeni

The purpose of the article was to determine the pooled prevalence of co-existing ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) among clinically diagnosed pterygium (PTG) specimens. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using online databases to identify relevant articles up to May 2024. Eligible original studies that reported the prevalence of non-PTG and co-existing OSSN in clinically diagnosed PTG cases that underwent surgical excision and histopathological evaluation were included. Additionally, based on the geographical coordinates (latitude and longitude) of each study and the global skin pigmentation map, skin types were defined and included. A total of 21 cross-sectional studies consisting of 23,165 specimens from 22,921 patients were included. The pooled prevalence of non-PTG and co-existing OSSN diagnoses after excluding outlier results was 3.8% (95% CI: 1.9–5.8) and 3.7% (95% CI: 1.8–5.7), respectively. Studies from countries with predominantly medium skin pigmentation showed a significantly higher prevalence of co-existing OSSN (10.25% [95% CI: 8.1–12.45, P < 0.001]) compared to those from countries with predominantly white (2.45% [95% CI: 0.0–5.2, P = 0.008] or brown (3.1% [95% CI: 0.65–5.5, P = 0.01]) skin types. A positive association was also observed between regional altitude and co-existing OSSN prevalence (regression coefficient = 0.005, P < 0.001). In conclusion, pathological assessment of PTG specimens may be considered to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate management.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between stereoacuity and corneal topographic parameters in patients with compound myopic astigmatism who are candidates for laser vision correction (LVC). Methods: In this analytical cross‐sectional study, LVC candidates aged 18 years or older with compound myopic astigmatism and corrected distance visual acuity of 20/25 or better were enrolled. Stereoacuity was assessed using the stereo fly test, and corneal topography parameters were measured with Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR). The interocular differences in each topographic parameter were calculated. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used to evaluate the associations between stereoacuity and interocular differences in topographic parameters. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 29.84 (7.39) years, and the average stereoacuity was 45.52 (13.75) arc/sec (log‐transformed stereoacuity: 1.65 (0.09)). A statistically significant correlation was found between interocular differences in corneal asphericity (Q value) and log‐transformed stereoacuity ( r = 0.27, p = 0.011). No significant associations were observed between stereoacuity and other corneal topographic parameters. Also, the interocular difference in corneal asphericity was the strongest predictor of stereoacuity ( β = 0.315, 95% CI: [0.406, 1.820], p = 0.002). Conclusion: This study identified a significant relationship between interocular corneal asphericity difference and stereoacuity in patients with compound myopic astigmatism.

The pathogenesis of Lichen Planus (LP) and its variants, despite many investigative efforts, remains incompletely understood. The occurrence of the disease in siblings suggests a potential role for both genetic and shared environmental factors. Here, three Iranian siblings—one male and two females—who presented with various clinical forms of LP were introduced. Case No. 1 exhibited bilateral facial pigmentation and was diagnosed with Lichen Planus Pigmentosus (LPPigm). Case No. 2 presented with facial pigmentation accompanied by facial papules and was diagnosed with LPPigm and Lichen Planopilaris (LPP). Case No.3 had frontotemporal hairline recession and eyebrow sparsening and was diagnosed with Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA). Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnoses in all three patients. Patients were treated with an individualized plan that included sunscreen use, potent topical corticosteroids, topical pimecrolimus, minoxidil, and systemic finasteride. To our knowledge, no other family in the literature has been reported to have such a wide range of LP variants. This series underscores the need for further research into genetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of LP and its variants.

Background: Dapsone (4,4′‐Diamino diphenyl sulfone) has been utilized in managing a wide variety of mucocutaneous conditions, usually as a systemic product. Topical dapsone is commercially available as 5% and 7.5% gel and is FDA‐approved for acne vulgaris. These topical formulations have shown less systemic absorption and fewer adverse events. Considering this, topical dapsone might benefit localized disease, immunosuppressed individuals, and those who avoid exposure to systemic therapies. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for published papers up to April 2025. Then, eligible studies are included, and we summarize the findings of different clinical studies concerning the use, efficacy, and side effects of topical dapsone in various mucocutaneous conditions, excluding acne vulgaris. Results: Finally, 56 articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria. We summarized and categorized them into two general entities, including applications of the topical dapsone and side effects of the topical dapsone. The first entity has six subheadings consisting of acne vulgaris and acneiform eruptions, Rosacea, neutrophilic dermatosis, vesiculobullous diseases, vasculitis, and others. Conclusion: In conclusion, topical dapsone appears to have therapeutic advantages in several mucocutaneous conditions, especially in minimal, localized, and chronic eruptions.

Background and Aims: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) represents the most common form of leishmaniasis. It imposes a significant medical burden due to long‐lasting ulcers and disfiguring scars, underscoring the need for comprehensive CL control strategies, particularly in endemic regions. This study aims to classify atypical CL presentations for clinical practitioners. Additionally, we compiled and categorized original images from our clinical encounters with CL to create a clinical atlas enhancing the existing literature. Methods: A systematic search for atypical manifestations of Old World CL was conducted in June 2023 via the PubMed database, utilizing MeSH‐based keywords including leishmaniasis, atypical, manifestation, and characteristics. All of the records were included. Exclusion criteria included records published before the 20th century, non‐English articles, review articles, nonclinical studies (experimental and epidemiological), studies focusing on New World CL (based on the study geographical location), or focusing on Post‐Kala‐Azar leishmaniasis. Relevant articles were selected and assessed. Results: Based on the clinical manifestations described in the selected studies, articles were classified into the following categories: (a) subacute CL, (b) chronic CL, (c) CL associated with lymphatic involvement, (d) CL associated with an immunocompromised state, and (e) cutaneous leishmaniasis on special anatomical sites. Clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic facets were subsequently explored. Conclusion: The diagnosis of leishmaniasis can be challenging. Given the broadening spectrum of differential diagnoses for CL in clinical settings, dermatologists, pediatric dermatologists, internists, infectious disease specialists, and pediatricians must be aware of this classification of atypical CL.

Acrocyanosis and gangrene are rare but serious manifestations of CAS caused by MP infection in children. These symptoms may lead to severe complications if not managed appropriately, highlighting the need for clinicians to remain vigilant and provide proper supportive care. In the case we discussed, the administration of FFP, plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, and IVIG led to a satisfactory improvement in the patient's condition.

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a neoplasm originating from immature haematopoietic myeloid precursor cells. It may uncommonly present with congenital ulcers. We report a case of a neonate admitted with a fever and a purulent congenital ulcer at the base of the neck, who, in the investigations, was diagnosed with LCH. This case highlights the importance of considering LCH in persistent, treatment-resistant cutaneous lesions in neonates and the necessity for biopsy and continuous monitoring.

To systematically review and analyze reported cases of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO)-related optic neuritis (ON) without retinal involvement, a potentially sight-threatening complication of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). A PRISMA-guided search of online databases from inception to January 31, 2025, identified case reports and series describing HZO-related ON without retinal involvement. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklists. Data on demographics, clinical features, diagnostics, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed using SPSS. Thirty-two studies (1919-2025) comprising 38 patients were included. The mean patient age was 52.6 years (ranging from 6 to 82), with a near-equal gender distribution. Comorbid conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders were noted in one-third of cases. ON most commonly presented unilaterally and ipsilateral to the dermatome of HZO. The mean interval from HZO onset to ON was approximately 22 days (ranging from 10 days prior to 150 days afterward). Blurred vision and eye pain were the most frequent symptoms. Common signs include visual field defect, congestion, mydriasis, and ophthalmoplegia. Keratitis was the most common observation in slit-lamp examination (62.8% (22 of 35 cases)). Corticosteroid therapy, including high-dose and pulse regimens, was administered in a third-fourth (28 of 38) of patients. In outcome assessment, 52.8% (19 of 36) achieved mild or no impairment, while 36.3% (12 of 36) experienced clinical blindness. HZO-related ON is an uncommon but significant sight-threatening complication in HZO. Timely diagnosis and appropriate antiviral treatment along with corticosteroid therapy may improve the visual prognosis.