Jian-Hong Huang

The number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has increased dramatically in recent years, and Bluetooth technology is critical for communication between IoT devices. It is possible to protect electronic communications, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data from malware and data theft with BlueZ’s Bluetooth File Transfer Filter (BTF). It can use a configurable filter to block unauthorized Bluetooth file transfers. The BTF is available for various Linux distributions and can protect many Bluetooth-enabled devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the Internet of Things. However, the increased number and density of Bluetooth devices have also created a serious problem—the Bluetooth worm. It poses a severe threat to the security of Bluetooth devices. In this paper, we propose a Bluetooth OBEX Proxy (BOP) to filter malicious files transferred to devices via the OBEX system service in BlueZ. The method described in this article prevents illegal Bluetooth file transfers, defending big data, the Internet of Things (IoT), and electronic communications from malware and data theft. It also protects numerous Bluetooth devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops, and the Internet of Things, with many Linux distributions. Overall, the detection findings were entirely accurate, with zero false positives and 2.29% misses.

The first appearance of viruses can date back to the late last century. As an effective form of malware, viruses reside in the permanent storage of target hosts. Before a virus can execute, that must load into memory from the persistent storage included in the associated file. Due to the reliable destructive power of viruses, many mechanisms have been developed to defend computer systems against these hazardous threats. Antivirus software is one of the most famous and popular among these mechanisms. Most antivirus software uses static analysis (signature-based) technology on files stored in permanent storage, such as hard disks or USB flashes, to detect viruses hidden in files. Fileless malware was developed to enhance the survivability of malware by circumventing detection. Fileless malware only exists in the target hosts’ memory, not files. Antivirus software cannot even access the fileless malware code, much less analyze it, since it may be performed in memory directly without needing to load it from a disk. As a result, it is difficult for an antivirus engine to defend a system against fileless malware attacks. This paper proposes a kernel-based solution called Check-on-Execution (CoE) to detect fileless malware on a Linux system. When a program is going to execute a piece of code in a writable and executable memory area of a process, CoE suspends the code execution first. Coe retrieves the code from memory, packs the code with an ELF header to create an ELF file, and uses VirusTotal to check the file to prevent a Linux system from executing fileless malware. Experimental results show that CoE noticeably enhances the ability of a Linux system to defend itself again fileless malware. CoE is also suitable for protecting a system from shell code injection attacks, such as buffer and heap overflow attacks. It is capable of handling even packed malware. But in this paper, we only focus on fileless malware.