Zhongqian Song

The development of high‐performance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is fundamentally limited by low surface charge density and rapid charge dissipation in conventional polymer dielectrics. Herein, an in situ polymerization strategy was proposed to construct MXene@PAF‐1, which is further incorporated into a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix to fabricate triboelectric dielectric films. The intercalated porous aromatic framework (PAF‐1) suppresses MXene restacking and introduces abundant deep‐trap sites, thereby enhancing charge storage and retention. Meanwhile, strong interfacial interactions promote β‐phase crystallization and interfacial polarization, synergistically improving surface charge density. As a result, the MXene@PAF‐1@PVDF based TENG achieves an output voltage of 770 V, current density of 31 mA/m ² and peak power density of 9.2 W/m ² , representing an approximately 18‐fold enhancement over pristine PVDF devices. Kelvin probe force microscopy combined with surface potential decay analysis reveals an ∼81.8‐fold increase in deep‐trap density, confirming the critical role of PAF‐1 in charge stabilization. In addition, the device enables self‐powered, high‐fidelity pulse sensing, while convolutional neural network‐assisted analysis allows accurate extraction of cardiovascular parameters and differentiation between healthy and hypertensive subjects. This work provides an effective strategy for trap‐engineered triboelectric dielectrics toward intelligent self‐powered healthcare electronics.

High‐fidelity wrist pulse acquisition, essential for the early diagnosis and precise management of cardiovascular diseases, requires tactile sensors with both ultrasensitive and linear electromechanical responses. Biological Pacinian corpuscles transduce mechanical stimuli into localized strain via concentric lamellar architecture, enabling subtle and dynamic perception of pressure fluctuations. Inspired by the working mode of Pacinian corpuscles, this work presents a piezoelectric tactile sensor featuring a multilayer grooved architecture that transduces external pressure into localized in‐plane strain within the piezoelectric layer, effectively enhancing dipole alignment and charge separation. Finite element simulations and experimental results confirm that the grooved architecture contributes to strain concentration, giving rise to an ultrahigh sensitivity of 185 mV·kPa ^{− 1} and linear electromechanical response up to 300 kPa and a power density of 806 µW·cm ^{− 2} . The tactile sensor enables high‐fidelity acquisition of multi‐site pulse waveforms and accurate estimation of blood pressure, facilitating comprehensive cardiovascular assessment via heart rate variability and Poincare analysis. This bioinspired design offers an effective approach to overcoming the intrinsic limitations of piezoelectric materials and holds significant potential for developing high‐performance piezoelectric sensors for continuous, noninvasive health monitoring.

Maintaining a stable temperature difference within ultrathin thermoelectric sensors remains a key challenge for achieving skin‐conformal and integrated thermal perception. Here, we present a dual‐wedge thermoelectric (DWTE) architecture composed of two complementary wedge‐shaped layers with distinct thermal conductivities. This structural configuration suppresses vertical heat diffusion while facilitating lateral heat flow, thereby establishing a stable lateral temperature gradient in thermoelectric films. This dual‐wedge design not only enhances thermal response speed and signal stability but also significantly amplifies thermoelectric output under transient stimuli. Based on the thermal‐conductivity‐dominated thermal diffusion differences and an intelligent classification algorithm, the DWTE device integrated on an artificial hand enables rapid identification and classification of seven materials with an accuracy of 99.7%. Meanwhile, a 32‐channel flexible thermoelectric array provides conformal real‐time thermal mapping during object grasping. This work provides an effective solution to the long‐standing trade‐off between device thickness and thermal gradient stability, offering a universal strategy for fast‐response thermoelectric sensing in advanced wearable and human‐machine interactive systems.

The issue of sensitivity attenuation in high-pressure region has been a persistent concern for pressure-sensitive electronic skins. In order to tackle such trade-off between sensitivity and linear range, herein, a hybrid piezoresistive-supercapacitive (HRSC) strategy is proposed via introducing a piezoresistive porous aerogel layer between the charge collecting electrodes and iontronic films of the pressure sensors. Surprisingly, the HRSC-induced impedance regulation and supercapacitive behavior contribute to significant mitigation in sensitivity attenuation, achieving high sensitivity across wide linear range (44.58 kPa⁻¹ from 0 to 3 kPa and 23.6 kPa⁻¹ from 3 to 12 kPa). The HRSC pressure sensor exhibits a low detection limit of 1 Pa, fast responsiveness (~ 130 ms), and excellent cycling stability, allowing to detect tiny pressure of air flow, finger bending, and human respiration. Meanwhile, the HRSC sensor exhibits exceptional perception capabilities for proximity and temperature, broadening its application scenarios in prosthetic perception and electronic skin. The proposed HRSC strategy may boost the ongoing research on structural design of high-performance and multimodal electronic sensors.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to replace lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a new generation of energy storage devices due to their abundant sodium reserves and low cost. Among the anode materials of SIBs, transition metal chalcogenides (TMXs) have attracted much attention because of their large layer spacing, narrow band gap, and high theoretical capacity. However, in practical applications, TMXs face problems, such as structural instability and poor electrical conductivity. In this review, the research progress and challenges of TMXs in SIBs in recent years are summarized, the application of nanostructure design, defect engineering, cladding engineering, and heterogeneous construction techniques and strategies in improving the electrochemical performance of TMXs anode are emphatically introduced, and the storage mechanism of sodium is briefly summarized. Finally, the application and development prospects of TMX anodes in electrochemical energy storage are discussed and prospected.