Nicol Altamirano

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las representaciones sociales construidas en torno a los inmigrantes haitianos, colombianos y venezolanos en los medios de prensa online de mayor difusión en Chile. Se recolectaron 230 noticias entre marzo de 2022 y febrero de 2024. Del análisis temático surgieron siete temas principales: 1) Políticas migratorias, (2) Peligro e inseguridad, (3) La inmigración ilegal como crisis, (4) Vulneración de derechos, (5) Pobreza y costos hacia el Estado, (6) Inmigrante legal o regularizado y (7) Afrontamiento frente al desarraigo cultural. Destaca en los resultados que la prensa escrita chilena representa negativamente a los inmigrantes, basándose en discursos políticos que asocian la inmigración con delincuencia y problemas de seguridad, lo que afecta la percepción de los ciudadanos chilenos. Estos resultados podrían orientar las políticas públicas sobre la inserción de inmigrantes y alertar a los medios sobre los posibles efectos de una línea editorial que criminaliza a los inmigrantes.

This study compares levels of intergroup threat and tolerance towards Venezuelan immigrants in Chile among university students and members of the general population, examining whether distinct latent profiles emerged in the full pooled sample. A total of 490 Chilean adults participated in the study, including 289 university students ( M = 21.69, SD = 3.08) and 201 members of the general population ( M = 41.88, SD = 15.77). Participants completed validated Chilean versions of the Intergroup Threat Scale and the Tolerance Scale. Descriptive analyses and independent-samples t -tests were conducted using JASP. To identify latent attitudinal profiles, latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted in the combined sample including both groups, and sample type (university students vs. general population) was subsequently included as a covariate to examine whether it predicted class membership. Results showed that university students reported significantly lower levels of perceived symbolic, realistic and security/safety threat than the general population, with large effect sizes. They also scored higher on appreciation of diversity, although no significant differences were observed in terms of acceptance or respect. The LCA conducted on the full sample supported a two-class solution. The first profile, labelled Committed-Tolerant (63%), was characterised by high levels of acceptance, respect and appreciation, together with low perceived threat. The second profile, labelled Ambivalent-Tolerant (37%), combined relatively high acceptance and respect with higher levels of perceived symbolic, realistic and security/safety threat. Additional analyses indicated that belonging to the general population significantly increased the likelihood of membership in the ambivalent, higher perceived threat profile. Overall, the findings suggest that attitudes towards Venezuelan immigrants in Chile are heterogeneous and cannot be reduced to a simple opposition between tolerance and rejection.

This research explores the perception of organizational climate and its relationship with absenteeism in critical units of a high-complexity hospital in southern Chile, characterized by high care demand. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, seven focus groups were conducted in services with high absenteeism rates (Emergency, Surgery, Operating Room, and Pediatric ICU), analyzed through content and thematic analysis. The findings reveal a predominantly negative perception of the organizational climate, emphasizing deficiencies in communication, deteriorated interpersonal relationships, lack of recognition, inadequate infrastructure, and limited professional development. These conditions significantly affect the emotional and physical well-being of staff, contributing to burnout and absenteeism. Furthermore, feelings of lack of protection, demotivation, and perceived organizational injustice were identified. The study concludes that organizational climate, particularly in contexts of high care pressure, constitutes a critical factor for staff retention and quality of care. It highlights the need for institutional strategies that promote communication, psychosocial support, and professional recognition.

La influencia de variables culturales y familiares es relevante para el desarrollo de preferencias y hábitos alimentarios, principalmente durante la etapa escolar. En Chile la prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso infantil alcanza el 44,5%. Objetivo: comparar creencias sobre la obesidad y alimentación infantil de los cuidadores de niños mapuches y no mapuches. Materiales y método: estudio con enfoque cualitativo fenomenográfico, en el que se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada como instrumento de recolección de información y participaron 26 cuidadores principales de escolares de primero a cuarto básico, de dos comunas del centro sur de Chile. Resultados: se evidenciaron similitudes en torno a los conocimientos y creencias nucleares sobre obesidad y alimentación entre grupos mapuches y no mapuches, sin embargo, existen particularidades en la experiencia de elementos secundarios tales como: las creencias en el grupo mapuche de que los niños necesitan mayor cantidad de alimentos que la entregada en las escuelas o la sensación de tener mayor acceso a alimentos procesadas debido a mayor disponibilidad económica y mayor globalización.

Objective: This study aimed to relate life satisfaction and psychological distress to coping with the perception of criminal danger in university students. Method: Three scales were used: The Life Satisfaction Scale, the K-10 Psychological Distress Scale, and the Coping with Perceived Danger Scale. A total of 370 university students participated, of whom 65.4% were female, and 13.8% had experienced crime in the previous two years. Result: A positive and statistically significant relationship was found between coping with perceived danger, such as cautious avoidance (r=0.274, p ≤ 0.00), preventive coping (r=0.344, p ≤ 0.00), and extreme avoidance (r=0.207, p ≤0.00), with psychological distress. These relationships were even stronger for victims of crime. Women show higher levels of psychological distress and more cautious, avoidant and extreme coping strategies in the face of danger compared to men. Finally, a negative and significant relationship was observed between psychological distress and life satisfaction. Conclusion: It appears that regardless of whether a person has been a victim of crime in the last two years, perceptions of danger and strategies of cautious and even extreme crime prevention are related.