Gull-E-Laala Khan

Powdery mildew is a significant foliar disease that affects a wide range of plant species globally, including Platanus orientalis(oriental plane tree). This study was undertaken to identify the fungal pathogen responsible for causing powdery mildew on P. orientalisin the Murree Hills, Pakistan. A comprehensive survey was conducted across various altitudinal zones, focusing on disease incidence. Symptomatic leaves were collected and analyzed on a morphological and molecular basis to characterize the causal agent, and pathogenicity tests were conducted to confirm their role in disease development. Microscopic and molecular examination revealed characteristic morphological features of Erysiphe platani, which was identified as the pathogen responsible. Pathogenicity was confirmed through the successful development of symptoms on healthy P. orientalisleaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This study marks the first confirmed report of Erysiphe platanias a pathogen of P. orientalisin Pakistan, contributing to the existing knowledge on plant pathogens in the region. The findings provide a basis for future research on disease management strategies to minimize the impact of powdery mildew on P. orientalisand similar hosts.

Family foundation is one of the main institutions prevailing since ages in all human communities. The main building block organization of developed societies are reverential families. To meet economic stability, social and emotional needs, family holds fundamental importance. Technological innovations as a cardinal principle have positioned a huge gap among intra-family relationships. Therefore, the current research emphasizes impact of modern electronic media creating psychological breaches among families in Pakistan. Phenomenological analysis in present research revealed that digital platforms impact negatively eradicating traditional family norms, values and ethical bonding by minimizing positive constructive interaction among family members for healthy upbringing. Data analysis in present research disclosed that digital platforms impact negatively eradicating traditional family norms, values and ethical bonding by minimizing positive constructive interaction among family members for healthy upbringing. In the collective scientific monogram, the influence of digitalization on family ties is not neglectable. It is pertinent to clarify that adulthood transitions rely on strong family bonding as families often hold prominent role in young-adult lives. Despite hindrances, electronic interruption among family bonding impacts deleteriously. To overcome future destructions, preemptive actions are quite necessary in terms of communal strategies, civic tutelage and healthcare.

Annals of Agriculture and Environment The "Annals of Agriculture and Environment" is a scholarly journal dedicated to advancing knowledge at the intersection of agriculture and environmental science. Its dual aim is to serve as a platform for disseminating high-quality research, reviews, and scholarly articles addressing the complex relationship between agriculture and the environment while contributing to solutions for global food production and environmental conservation challenges. The journal's scope encompasses a wide range of topics, including sustainable agricultural practices, environmental impact assessment, biodiversity and conservation, climate change and agriculture, sustainable food production systems, agroforestry, rural development, water and resource management, and policy considerations in the agricultural and environmental context. It fosters interdisciplinary research and collaboration to develop innovative solutions for the intricate challenges within the agriculture-environment nexus, making it a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners.

Soil-borne viruses have crop production across the world, resulting in lower crop yields, poor crop performance, and rising production costs. Crop production has faced increased threats in recent years, including soil-borne disease epidemics, high chemical fungicide costs and the development of fungicide resistance, climate change, new disease outbreaks, and growing concern for both environmental and soil health. To address these infections, crop producers must implement integrated soil-borne disease control measures. In this work, two plant extracts (ginger and turmeric) were examined in vitro and in vivo for their ability to inhibit soil-borne pathogen mycelia development. Turmeric effectively suppressed the development of two pathogens when added to the two extracted extracts, with 74.59% inhibition against Fusarium sp and 73.49% inhibition against Rhizoctonia sp. Ginger extracts demonstrated a somewhat lower inhibitory activity against Rhizoctonia, with 73.58% inhibition at 50% concentration and 72.15% at 50% concentration. In vivo tests of turmeric extract against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium sp. were carried out to further the research. The data showed that using turmeric extract resulted in a substantial reduction in illness severity and incidence in both infections.

The present study was specifically designed to develop bio-fungicides that may help mitigate reliance on hazardous synthetic chemicals which give rise to environmental safety concerns. A survey (2021-2022) of local fruit markets in Islamabad, Pakistan included morpho-molecular disease identification. It revealed Penicillium chrysogenum as a major phytopathogenic fungi causing fruit rot. The fungicidal action of plant essential oils might be boosted by the technique of application therefore, nanoencapsulation of essential oil and chitosan was performed. To attain the objective of antimicrobial packaging, essential oil and chitosan tablets were encapsulated in spun bond sachets against P. chrysogenum using a sachet volatile phase technique. In vitro screening of nano encapsulated eucalyptus essential oil showed significant inhibition of radial growth of P. chrysogenum colonies at 1.6 mg • ml-1 followed by 1.4, 1.2 and 1.0 mg • ml-1. Results of Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry revealed the presence of eucalyptol in eucalyptus EO as a major antifungal component. An in vivo experiment analyzing the efficacy of essential oil tablets against pre-inoculated peach fruit with P. chrysogenum at ambient temperatures (7-37°C) showed significant reduction in lesion diameter, disease severity and prolonged shelf-life of peaches of more than 2 weeks. The natural ripening process of peach was not affected by the presence of antifungal sachets as no significant alteration in weight loss of fruit was recorded. The suppressiveness of fungal mycelial growth of P. chrysogenum was directly proportional to increases in E. globulus oil concentration. This research may have a significant impact on prolonging the shelf-life of peach fruit.