Juliana Freitas de Mello e Silva

Mammary cancer is the most common neoplasm in female dogs, characterized by high variability in biological behavior. This observational and retrospective study analyzed the clinical profile of 404 female dogs diagnosed with mammary cancer between 2013 and 2023 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital Professor Firmino Marsico Filho of Federal Fluminense University (HUVET - UFF), in Niterói, RJ, Brazil. The average age was 9.8 years, with a predominance of mixed-breed (34.16%) and non-spayed females (70.05%), highlighting the impact of reproductive status on neoplasia prevalence. Carcinoma in mixed tumor was the most common histological type (n=220), and clinical stage I was the most frequent (44.80%). There was a high rate of non-adherence to chemotherapy (78.8%), despite the predominance of early-stage diagnoses (55.68%). Early diagnosis, educational policies focused on reproductive health in female dogs, and access to specialized treatment are crucial for better prognosis and quality of life in these animals.

Biological age is a construct that seeks to evaluate the biological wear and tear process of the organism that cannot be observed by chronological age. We estimate individuals’ biological age based on biomarkers from multiple systems and validate it through its association with mortality from natural causes. Biological age was estimated in 12,109 participants (6621 women and 5488 men) from the first visit of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) who had valid data for the biomarkers used in the analyses. Biological age was estimated using the Klemera and Doubal method. The difference between chronological age and biological age (Δage) was computed. Cox proportional hazard models stratified by sex were used to assess whether Δage was associated with mortality risk after a median follow-up of 9.1 years. The accuracy of the models was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC). Δage had equal mean for men and women, with greater variability for men. Cox models showed that every 1-year increase in Δage was associated with increased mortality in men (HR (95% CI) 1.21; 1.17–1.25) and women (HR (95% CI) 1.24; 1.15–1.34), independently of chronological age. Results of the AUC demonstrated that the predictive power of models that only included chronological age (AUC chronological age = 0.7396) or Δage (AUC Δage = 0.6842) was lower than those that included both, chronological age and Δage (AUC chronological age + Δage = 0.802), in men. This difference was not observed in women. We demonstrate that biological age is strongly related to mortality in both genders and is a valid predictor of death in Brazilian adults, especially among men.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças registradas no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) no período 2008-2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo sobre a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de 5 anos atendidas nos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir das bases de dados individuais do Sisvan. A qualidade dos dados foi avaliada anualmente por meio dos indicadores: cobertura, completude, razão entre sexos, distribuição da idade, preferência por dígitos de peso e estatura, valores de escore-z implausíveis, desvio-padrão e normalidade dos escores-z. RESULTADOS: N o t otal, 7 3.745.023 r egistros e 2 9.852.480 c rianças f oram i dentificados. A cobertura aumentou de 17,7% em 2008 para 45,4% em 2017. A completude da data de nascimento, peso e estatura correspondeu a quase 100% para todos os anos. A razão entre sexos foi equilibrada e aproximadamente similar a razão esperada, variando entre 0,8 e 1. A distribuição da idade revelou maiores percentuais de registros entre as idades de 2 a 4 anos até meados de 2015. Uma preferência pelos dígitos terminais “zero” e “cinco” foi identificada entre os registros de peso e estatura. As porcentagens de escores-z implausíveis excederam 1% para todos os índices antropométricos, com redução dos valores a partir de 2014. Uma alta dispersão dos escores-z, incluindo desvios-padrão entre 1,2 e 1,6, foi identificada principalmente nos índices incluindo estatura e nos registros de crianças menores de 2 anos e residentes das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. A distribuição dos escores-z foi simétrica para todos os índices e platicúrtica para estatura/idade e peso/idade. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade dos dados antropométricos do Sisvan para crianças menores de 5 anos melhorou substancialmente entre 2008 e 2017. Alguns indicadores requerem atenção, sobretudo para medidas de estatura, cuja qualidade foi principalmente inferior entre os grupos mais vulneráveis a agravos nutricionais.

We studied the yeast communities associated with fruits, mushrooms, tree exudates, and flies of the genus Drosophila, in two Atlantic Rain Forest fragments in state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 456 samples were collected from Rio Doce State Park and 142 from Ecological Station of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. From these samples, 608 yeast isolates were obtained, belonging to 71 different species. Among the yeasts isolated from Rio Doce State Park, 17 isolates were recovered from fruits, 12 from mushrooms, 13 from tree exudates, and 299 from Drosophila spp. In the Ecological Station of Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 24 isolates were recovered from fruits and 243 from Drosophila spp. Distinct communities of yeast were observed in Drosophila flies, fruits, mushrooms and tree exudates. The highest number of yeast species was recovered from Drosophila flies suggesting that flies are the natural vectors of these microorganisms.