Tianshou Liu

The complex interdependencies among numerous safety risk factors influencing oil tanker loading/unloading operations constitute a focal point in academic research. To enhance safety management in oil port operations, this study conducts a risk analysis of oil tanker berthing and cargo transfer safety. Initially, safety risk factors are identified based on the Wu-li Shi-li Ren-li (WSR) systems methodology. Subsequently, a hybrid weighting approach integrating the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP), G2 method, and modified CRITIC technique is employed to calculate indicator weights. These weights are then synthesised into a combined weight (GVW) using cooperative game theory and variable weight theory. Further, by integrating grey theory with the cloud model (GCM), a risk assessment is performed using Tianjin Port as a case study. Results indicate that the higher-risk indicators for Tianjin Port include vessel traffic density, safety of berthing/unberthing operations, safety of cargo transfer operations, safety of pipeline transfer operations, psychological resilience, proficiency of pilots and captains, and emergency management capability. The overall comprehensive risk evaluation value for Tianjin Port is 0.403, corresponding to a “Moderate Risk” level. Comparative experiments demonstrate that the results generated by this model align with those obtained through Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Methods. However, the proposed GVW-GCM framework provides a more objective and accurate reflection of safety risks during tanker operations. Based on the computational outcomes, targeted recommendations for risk mitigation are presented. The integrated weighting model—incorporating game theory and variable weight concepts—coupled with the grey cloud methodology, establishes an interpretable and reusable analytical framework for the safety assessment of oil port operations under diverse port conditions. This approach provides critical decision support for constructing comprehensive management systems governing oil tanker loading/unloading operations.

Considering carbon neutral development strategies, ecological ports and green growth concepts have become the future development trend of ports. As an important technology for green port construction, the stable operation of port shore power systems is particularly important. However, as a new field of transmission system, the development of port shore power is also facing many new risks and challenges. For example, the shore power system has security risks as well as technical and economic difficulties. There are also problems such as the lack of regulations on shore power systems. To ensure the safe and stable operation of a port grid system, this paper proposes a risk decision method for a transmission system in a market environment based on interval number and cumulative prospect theory. Based on the constructed risk evaluation index system of a port shore power supply system, a risk decision model based on cumulative prospect theory and an improved gray target risk model (CPT-IGT) are constructed considering the uncertainty and ambiguity of the index attributes and weight information as well as the risk attitude held by decision-makers; these models are developed with improved interval gray number and cumulative prospect theory. Finally, a case study applied to the risk decision of a port shore power supply system verified the reasonableness and effectiveness of the method. The results show that the proposed method has some advantages in dealing with language terms, representing language uncertainty, and reflecting risk decisions in different environments. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the risk assessment of a port power system in the future and provide suggestions for the green growth of the port.