Wei Zhu

With the increasing depth of mining operations, accurate identification and assessment of rock mass instability risks are crucial for ensuring mine safety. This study proposes an integrated framework combining the Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (HDBSCAN), fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and kernel density estimation (KDE) for the identification and dynamic assessment of high-risk zones in deep mining. Using microseismic monitoring data from a lead–zinc mine in Northwest China (January–June 2023), the HDBSCAN algorithm adaptively identified 86 high-density clusters from 11,638 events. The weights of five evaluation indicators (moment magnitude, apparent stress, stress drop, peak ground acceleration, and ringing count) were determined objectively using the Euclidean distance method. FCE was then applied to classify cluster risk levels, revealing that 70.9% of the clusters were rated as high-risk (Level IV). KDE further illustrated the spatiotemporal migration of high-risk zones, showing a systematic shift from northeast to southwest along stopes and roadways, driven by mining unloading and geological structures. The integrated HDBSCAN-FCE-KDE framework demonstrates strong applicability and reliability in identifying and predicting rock mass instability risks, providing a scientific basis for proactive risk management in deep mining environments.

To achieve accurate sensorless position estimation for switched reluctance motors (SRMs) and enhance the robustness of the estimation, this article proposes a Mahalanobis distance (MD)-based cubature Kalman filter (CKF) sensorless control method. First, the CKF is employed to perform state estimation for the nonlinear system of the SRM. Second, to address the degradation of estimation accuracy caused by outliers in sensor measurements, a MD-based anomaly detection criterion is formulated using the innovation vector. Finally, a robustness factor is introduced into the filter to adaptively adjust its parameters, thereby improving the reliability of the filtering results. Experimental validation under diverse operating conditions demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method. The results indicate that the MD-enhanced CKF exhibits significant advantages in position estimation accuracy compared to the second-order generalized integrator frequency-locked loop (SOGI-FLL) and H${\boldsymbol\infty}$CKF. The method will pave the way for subsequent theoretical advances and practical applications.

Real-time monitoring of rock stability during the mining process is critical. This paper first proposed a RIME algorithm (CCRIME) based on vertical and horizontal crossover search strategies to improve the quality of the solutions obtained by the RIME algorithm and further enhance its search capabilities. Then, by constructing a binary version of CCRIME, the key parameters of FKNN were optimized using a binary conversion method. Finally, a discrete CCRIME-based BCCRIME was developed, which uses an S-shaped function transformation approach to address the feature selection issue by converting the search result into a real number that can only be zero or one. The performance of CCRIME was examined in this study from various perspectives, utilizing 30 benchmark functions from IEEE CEC2017. Basic algorithm comparison tests and sophisticated variant algorithm comparison experiments were also carried out. In addition, this paper also used collected microseismic and blasting data for classification prediction to verify the ability of the BCCRIME-FKNN model to process real data. This paper provides new ideas and methods for real-time monitoring of rock mass stability during deep well mineral resource mining.