Muhammad Ahmad Sheikh

Immediate worldwide connections are now possible with the help of social media, which has revolutionized communication. But internet also gives terrorist and extremist groups powerful tools for radicalization, recruiting, finance, planning, and dissemination. While the Internet has made it simpler to identify terrorist activity on social media and through browser history, the popularity of social media and the dark web has also acted as the ideal anonymous medium for long-distance terrorist recruiting and communication. This study focuses on the use of social media a tool for promoting extremist and terror propaganda by terrorist organization. This study uses qualitative approach using interview method technique. Purposive sampling has been used to draw the sample of the experts and security analysts. Finding of the study suggest that social media is being used for promoting terror agenda by various terrorist organizations. There are certain challenges to cope with the situation. However, the effective use of social media and internet-based checks can produce effective outcomes.

This study investigates the sociological impact and linguistic characteristics of Pakistani and Indian memes, focusing on their occurrence on social media sites, and explores how these digital expressions influence cultural stories and public opinions. Employing content analysis, a diverse collection of memes were analyzed to identify themes, linguistic elements, and cultural references attached to the memes under study. Besides, the study seeks to uncover the distinctions between memes in Pakistan and India, their appeal to viewers, and their impact on and representation of social norms, political opinions, and cultural heritage. The study focuses on comprehending the language, humor, and visual elements used to effectively convey messages from memes in different countries. The research embraces cultural essence and offers a thorough examination of how memes influence public opinion and cultural narratives in Pakistan and India. The finding reveals that memes have evolved as powerful tools for social interaction, self-expression, and cultural commentary in digital networks. Study highlights the importance of memes in modern discourse and emphasizes to understand the symbolic meaning of memes for deeper knowledge in their sociological and dialectal aspects.

This study investigates Radio Pakistan's digital transition and its effects on programming. Radio Pakistan has embraced digital migration as a result of the quick transformation of traditional broadcasting methods brought about by the arrival of digital technologies. This change involves transmitting in analog to digital format and integrating digital content delivery channels including podcasts, internet radio, and mobile apps. The study looks at how the shift to digital media has affected programming approaches, with a particular emphasis on content variety. Besides, paper discusses how diverse technological evolutions have shaped public perception in a constructive way and what role Radio Pakistan, as a public broadcaster, has played in this regard. The paper also looks at the reasons for the paradigm shift of the broadcast media industry from analogue culture to a contemporary digital world through an extensive literature review and theoretical analysis using interview guide a tool of data collection. The study provides guidelines to policy makers of Radio Pakistan, executive of a community radio station, a media educator of Pakistan to understand the affected by these historic developments and expedite the expansion of DRM plan which is underway with slowest pace.

Aim of the Study: This research seeks to explore the perception of young parents about YouTube as a source of learning for their children. Methodology: The research incorporates qualitative research design, conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews of 10 young parents, who have kids aged between 1-5 years. The couples are selected through convenient sampling technique from Lahore. The researchers adopted cognitive development theory and social learning theory as theoretical framework for this study. The researchers used thematic analysis to analyse the data. Findings: The findings of the current study highlight that YouTube is playing an important role in language learning through phonics and rhymes, inculcating etiquettes, object recognition and pre-school education (alphabets and numbers recognition). YouTube also plays a role in familiarizing the children with global culture and it contributes to their personality development. However, the study also reveals that children are also learning aggressive behavior and that they tend to engage more with the digital world rather than physical one. The children are also learning different patterns of social interaction, while watching videos on YouTube. Conclusion: The study adds to the body of knowledge in terms of explaining the dimensions of YouTube consumption among children and contribute to the discussion on the role of technology in the development of early childhood.

Cartoons and animated world of feature films absorb a considerable amount of a children's viewing time and undeniably questionable in terms of their content. The objectives of this study is to investigate the impact of cartoons on children’s behaviour. Researcher used stratified and purposive sampling techniques for analyzing the conduct of children. The focus group encompassed of 92 children. This study covers those cartoons which are shown in Pakistan or in dubbed in Pakistan. The study also covered the Free Animation Movies available on YouTube. For fulfilling the purpose of this study, the researcher used focus group, age 6 to 10 from different cities of Punjab. Using purposive sampling, the selected groups of children were shown cartoon animation movies. The findings of this study suggests that the cartoon animated movies effect on the children differently. Researcher observed cartoons and specific characters have a dark side that seriously harms a child's social and mental development. This study also examines how the psychology of school-age children is affected by the Cartoon Network, and how this affects not only their conduct but also their ability to persuade their parents to buy accessories featuring posters of their favorite cartoon character.

The current study focuses on the depiction of ‘war on terror’ in Pakistan's mainstream print media in 2014-15. After the APS (Army Public School, Peshawar) assault in December 2014, there was a large number of sensitive contents shared on media. This research examines visual content published in leading newspapers of Pakistan, namely, Dawn, Daily Jang, and Nawa-i-Waqt from December 2014 to November 2015. The researchers examined the front and back pages of the chosen newspapers for specific photojournalistic evidence during a set period of time. For this research, quantitative content analysis and simple random sampling method was used. According to the findings of the study, the frequency of negative pictures related to the ‘war on terror’ is higher in Pakistan's print media. In addition, when compared to English print media, the Urdu press has a higher frequency of graphic content connected to the war on terror. It's also been noted that the mainstream print media (Dawn, Jang, and Nawa-e-Waqt) aren't doing a good photojournalism related to war on terror. When compared to the English press in Pakistan, the Urdu press provides greater sensationalism and dramatization in terms of pictorial coverage of the incident.

With the advancement of technology, the use of streaming media by media petitioners has taken a quantum leap in recent years. The use of webcasting is now common in PSB (public sector broadcasting) across the globe. With the adaptation of the latest technology and its use in different program formats, Radio Pakistan has planned to use the best streaming gadgets in the coming years. Webcasting has increased the availability of radio communication, to anyone who has access to a computer. Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as Radio Pakistan, adopted web-based technology for its programming in 2010 in its initial stages. To reach across the globe, medium waves and FM broadcasts of Radio Pakistan are now using Garden Radio Apps to increase their listenership and improve their reception. Under the vision, ‘’Digital Pakistan had decided on a complete digital migration of Radio Pakistan under the Phase 1 and Phase 11 DRM (Digital Radio Mondiale) Plan.

In recent years, memes have become the most crucial activity all over social media. Memes have become a new trend among youth. In communication and satire internet memes have grasped a lot of attention. Satire has become an essential tool in terms of controlling public opinions. Aim of this study is to analyze the memes on three populous political leaders (Imran Khan, Donald Trump and Narindar Modi) on Facebook pages. Four memes are selected of each politician using purposive sampling based on the likes and profile pictures that seem attractive. The reason to choose these politicians is the populous regime in three different countries. The results revealed that satire and taunts used in the memes against the elected politicians; the satire and the humor are used in a creative way to represent the situation and the circumstances politicians have created. These memes are creating new ways of political communication on social media and creating new political discourse.