Edlene Aparecida Monteiro Garçon

O MonitoraOeste é um aplicativo desenvolvido para monitorar e emitir alertas sobre o avanço da ferrugem da soja e da mancha de ramulária do algodão em lavouras do Oeste da Bahia. Os alertas emitidos apontam os locais de ocorrência, trazendo informações atualizadas em tempo real e revelam se as condições climáticas são favoráveis para o desenvolvimento de pragas e doenças, com informações sobre a presença e a dispersão de esporos. No app mobile também estão disponibilizados índices agrometeorológicos, como evapotranspiração, biomassa, NDVI e eficiência no uso da água. Com o MonitoraOeste, os produtores agrícolas e os tomadores de decisão tem acesso a informações complexas, de forma simplificada. A tecnologia auxilia na segurança fitossanitária das lavouras de soja e algodão da região, possibilitando a redução do custo de produção e o impacto ambiental das culturas, considerando as condições climáticas e permitindo um melhor monitoramento das lavouras durante seu desenvolvimento.

The SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm and the radiation use efficiency (RUE) model were coupled to test large-scale remote sensing environmental indicators in Brazilian biomes. MODIS MOD13Q1 reflectance product and gridded weather data for the year 2016 were used to demonstrate the suitability of the algorithm to monitor the dynamics of environmental remote sensing indicators along a year in the Brazilian biomes, Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa. Significant spatial and temporal variations in precipitation (P), actual evapotranspiration (ET), and biomass production (BIO) yielded differences on water balance (WB = P−ET) and water productivity (WP = ET/BIO). The highest WB and WP differences were detected in the wettest biomes, Amazon, Atlantic Forest, and Pampa, when compared with the driest biome, Caatinga. Rainfall distribution along the year affected the magnitude of the evaporative fraction (ET_f), i.e., the ET to reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) ratio. However, there was a gap between ET_f and WB, which may be related to the time needed for recovering good soil moisture conditions after rainfalls. For some biomes, BIO related most to the levels of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (Amazon and Atlantic Forest), while for others, BIO followed most the soil moisture levels, depicted by ET_f (Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal, and Pampa). The large-scale modeling showed suitability for monitoring the water and vegetation conditions, making way to detect anomalies for specific periods along the year by using historical images and weather data, with strong potential to support public policies for management and conservation of natural resources and with possibilities for replication of the methods in other countries.

This paper aimed to support the rational crop expansion in agricultural-growing regions. MODIS satellite images are used together with gridded weather data to model biometeorological parameters at the Fruit Circuit region, state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. This region has experienced some cases of drought, while arising rainfall water excess in some periods, demanding large-scale water and energy balance studies to subsidize water resource policies. The SAFER (Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving) algorithm was applied together with the radiation-use efficiency (RUE) model for biometeorological index assessments. The highest latent heat fluxes (λE), above 8.0 MJ m⁻² d⁻¹, at the end of the year, coincide with the progressive increases on both rainfall and global solar radiation (R_G) levels, and drop to below 5.0 MJ m⁻² d⁻¹ in the middle of the year, during the driest conditions. The same tendencies along the year are verified for sensible heat fluxes (H), for which mean pixel values are above 3.5 MJ m⁻² d⁻¹ at the end of the year. On the one hand, the highest values for water productivity (WP), which is considered the ratio of actual evapotranspiration (ET) to biomass production (BIO), above 4.0 kg m⁻³, are verified in April, period under increasing BIO and low ET rates. On the other hand, the lowest WP values (below 2.0 kg m⁻³) occur between August and October, when BIO is low, and ET is high. Although the area featuring good WP levels under high precipitation (P), with rainfalls generally above ET, supplementary irrigation may benefit agriculture in some periods of the year. The results of the large-scale modeling showed applicability of the models for monitoring water and vegetation dynamics over 16-day timescale and at a 250-m spatial resolution in areas experiencing climate and land-use changes by combining climate data and MODIS images. Application of these tools enables to indicate the best options for expanding the agriculture activities, being of great potential for rational natural resources management, in regions under environmental vulnerability conditions.

ÍNDICES HÍDRICOS PARA ÁREAS IRRIGADAS NA REGIÃO DE DESENVOLVIMENTO AGRÍCOLA PETROLINA/JUAZEIRO ANTÔNIO HERIBERTO DE CASTRO TEIXEIRA1; JANICE FREITAS LEIVAS1; GUSTAVO BAYMA-SILVA1 E EDLENE APARECIDA MONTEIRO GARÇON1 ¹Departamento de Geociências, Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite, Av. Soldado Passarinho, nº 303, Fazenda Jardim Chapadão CEP: 13070-115 - Campinas - SP, heriberto.teixeira@embrapa.br, janice.leivas@embrapa.br, gustavo.bayma@embrapa.br, edlene.garcon@embrapa.br 1 Resumo Os algoritmos SAFER e o SUREAL foram usados com produtos MODIS na determinação da evapotranspiração atual (ET), sendo usada com dados de precipitação (P) e evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) para aplicação dos índices IH (P/ET) e ETr (ET/ET0), nas análises do balanço hídrico durante o ano de 2015, em áreas irrigadas da região de desenvolvimento agrícola Petrolina/Juazeiro, Nordeste do Brasil. Tanto para Petrolina como para Juazeiro, as maiores taxas da ET, chegando acima de 4,5 mm dia-1, ocorreram em fevereiro, devido ao suprimento hídrico conjunto das águas das chuvas e de irrigação para as plantas. Os valores mais baixos em novembro (ET < 2,2 mm dia-1) coincidiram com o final de ciclo generalizado das culturas agrícolas. Apesar de P na escala anual ter sido maior em Petrolina (230 mm) em 10% quando comparado com Juazeiro, a menor demanda atmosférica do segundo município resultou em um IH ligeiramente superior. Entretanto, as condições de umidade no solo em Petrolina (ETr = 0,70) foram melhores que às de Juazeiro (ETr = 0,61). Os resultados confirmam o potencial dos algoritmos para o monitoramento das condições hídricas das culturas irrigadas no semiárido brasileiro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Evapotranspiração, umidade de solo, irrigação. TEIXEIRA, A. H. de C.; LEIVAS, J. F.; BAYMA-SILVA, G.; GARÇON, E. A. M.WATER INDICES FOR IRRIGATED AREAS IN THE PETROLINA/JUAZEIRO AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT REGION 2 ABSTRACT The SAFER and SUREAL algorithms were applied along with MODIS products for determining the actual evapotranspiration (ET), and then used together with precipitation (P) and reference evapotranspiration (ET0) data for application of the WI (P/ET) and ETr (ET/ET0) indices, for water balance analyses during the year 2015, in the irrigated areas of Petrolina/Juazeiro agriculture development region. Both for Petrolina and Juazeiro, the highest ET rates, reaching to above 4.5 mm d-1, took place in February, due to the joint water supply from rainfall and irrigation systems. The lowest indices were observed in November (ET < 2.2 mm d-1), coinciding with the end of the generalized irrigated crop growing cycles. Although P at the annual measurement being 10% higher in Petrolina (230 mm), when compared to Juazeiro, the lower atmospheric demand in the second municipality resulted in an WI slightly higher. However, the soil moisture conditions in Petrolina (ETr = 0.70) were better than those present in Juazeiro (ETr = 0.61). These...