Vikram Palimar

ABO blood grouping from tear samples: Impact of environmental conditions - Gulhane Medical Journal

The increasing use of digital communication platforms has led individuals to express emotions and mental health concerns through text containing implicit emotional cues, informal language, and non-standard expressions. Traditional sentiment analysis systems often struggle to capture these contextual nuances, limiting their effectiveness in mental health-related text analysis . To address this challenge, this study proposes a two-layer framework that combines Azure Sentiment Analysis and Azure Custom Text Classification for sentiment and mental health-related text categorization. In the first layer, user-generated text is classified into positive, neutral, or negative sentiment categories using Azure Sentiment Analysis. Text identified as negative is subsequently analysed using Azure Custom Text Classification to categorize content into predefined mental health-related classes, including Anxiety, Depression, PTSD, Social Anxiety Disorder, and Suicidal Ideation and Behaviour. The proposed framework aims to provide a structured approach for identifying linguistic patterns associated with mental health-related discussions and supporting mental health screening and triage applications. Experimental evaluation using an 80% training and 20% testing split achieved an overall Precision, Recall, and F1-score of 96.97%. Class-level evaluation demonstrated strong performance across multiple categories, with F1-scores ranging from 0.94 to 1.000. The findings indicate that the proposed architecture can effectively classify mental health-related textual content within the evaluated dataset while providing a scalable framework for automated sentiment and text classification. The study contributes to the growing field of intelligent emotional computing and highlights the potential of cloud-based natural language processing tools for mental health-related text analytics . The reported results are limited to the evaluated dataset and should be interpreted as a text classification and screening approach rather than a clinical diagnostic system. This manuscript presents the computational component of a broader mixed-methods study registered under CTRI/2024/06/068766, titled “Exploring Mental Health Status in a Selected Population: A Corpus Analysis Combining Forensic Linguistics and Psychology - a Mixed Method Study.” The current work focuses on the development and validation of an AI-based diagnostic tool for mental health assessment using synthetic and anonymized textual data, constituting a secondary objective of the registered protocol. Registry: Clinical Trials Registry- India (CTRI) Trial Registration Number: CTRI/2024/06/068766 Date of Registration: 12.06.2024.

Background: Conventional powder agents are compounds of chemicals that have a high potential for causing harm to the user and are also expensive for developing latent fingerprints from crime scenes. Aims: The present study aimed to show the effectiveness of coconut ash-based powders as potential latent fingerprint development powders, determine the optimal particle size for effective visualisation, and assess the visibility of sweat pores after powder application. Methods: The dried coconut shell and coconut husk were burnt, and its ash was ground into fine particles. The latent thumbprints of 269 participants were collected on the glass surface. The developed powders were applied to the deposited latent fingerprints. The developed prints were scored as per the ‘Fingerprint Quality Assessment scale’. The powder-developed prints were then photographed using a mobile phone for documentation purposes. Results: It was observed that coconut shell ash powder developed high-quality fingerprints, especially at 200 mesh size, with clear visualisation of sweat pores from the developed prints as compared to coconut husk. Conclusion: Thus, coconut shell ash powder proved to be the better powder for the development of clear latent fingerprint visualisation along with sweat pores at 200 mesh size from the glass surface.

Background: The Atlantoaxial joint is an important synovial joint that provides support and flexibility to the craniovertebral axis. Instability of the atlantoaxial joint occurs due to trauma, degenerative and inflammatory and congenital diseases. Morphometric measurements of the atlas and axis play an important role in spinal surgery to prevent neurovascular injury. This cross-sectional study will help in understanding the importance of dimensions of articular facets of atlas and axis vertebrae. Materials and methods: 138 intact dry specimens of each of the atlas and axis vertebrae of adults were studied. Various measurements were taken on atlas and axis with the help of Vernier caliper. Later the results were analysed statistically. Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter of the inferior articular facet of atlas was 17.73 and 17.64mm on the right and left sides. The mean transverse diameter of the inferior articular facet of atlas was 14.43 and 14.19mm on the right and left sides. The mean height and width of the dens facet were 9.86mm and 9.38mm. The mean anteroposterior diameter of the superior articular facet of the axis was 17.12 and 17.41mm on the right and left sides. The mean transverse diameter of superior articular facet of axis was 14.82 and 15.20mm on right and left side. The length, anteroposterior, and the maximum transverse diameter of dens were 16.14, 10.16, and 9.32mm. The mean IAF of atlas angle with sagittal plane on Right and left side were 14.29° and 14.32°. Conclusion: The results of this study will be helpful for better surgical intervention to prevent neurovascular injury and surrounding tissue injury during instrumentation and implant placement.

Objective. To assess the advantages and disadvantages of three significant upper trunk myocutaneous flaps: the latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and rectus abdominis. Material and methods. Major medical databases were screened to identify all studies investigating all trunk muscles and their use in flap reconstruction. Extracted data consisted of anatomy and physiology of muscles, indications, complications and techniques of flap transfer and reconstruction. Results. About 53 articles were screened for review. Conclusion. The latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, and rectus abdominis muscles can be used for flap reconstruction. Surgeons should know how and where to use these flaps for prevention of complications.

Background The human ear is unique to individuals, and ear prints, like fingerprints, are discrete enough to distinguish identical twins. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the stature and sex using various morphometric parameters and morphological features of the external ear for forensic identification. Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study involving 40 participants recruited using simple random sampling technique. Eighteen measurements were taken, and various morphological features were noted for both the right and left ears. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure all linear parameters. The angles were measured using a goniometer. Normal distribution was verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test. For normally distributed parameters, an independent t-test was used, and for non-normally distributed parameters, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare sexes. To compare the right and left parameters, independent t-tests (for normally distributed data) and Mann-Whitney U tests (for non-normally distributed data) were applied. Sex determination and stature estimation were performed using logistic regression analysis. Results In males and females, the most common shape was oval (47.5%), and the ear lobe was free (45%). When comparing the parameters of males on the right and left sides, it was noticed that only the ear inclination angle and concha mastoid angle showed significant differences (p < 0.05). It was seen that the right lobe width showed perfect separation, indicating its potential as an extremely reliable predictor of sex. It was noted that in females, the strongest correlation with height was with the ear inclination angle on both sides. Conclusion We can conclude from the results of this study that the right lobe width of external ear can be a reliable predictor of sex. Ear inclination angle on both sides showed strongest correlation with height. The results of this study can help forensic anthropologists identify the sex and stature of a person from various ear measurements in young South Indian adults.

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of AI (artificial intelligence) algorithms for automated age estimation using orthopantomograms (OPGs) and to determine whether these models can effectively replace conventional age estimation techniques. Method: Three independent literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Studies published in the English language were considered, focusing on age estimation using AI. A total of 1519 articles were screened, and 24 articles were included in the study. The data was extracted in a standardized, predefined manner. After finalizing the search, the data collected was tabulated, interpreted, and verified. The selected studies were analyzed for methodological rigor, algorithmic performance, and comparative effectiveness against traditional age estimation methods. Results: AI-based models, especially deep learning architectures like convolutional neural networks, EfficientNet, DenseNet, and hybrid models such as Age-Net, demonstrated superior accuracy, precision, and reliability compared to traditional age estimation methods. These AI-driven models show promising results in reducing human error, increasing efficiency, and enhancing forensic and clinical decision-making. Conclusion: AI-driven age estimation using OPGs represents a transformative advancement with considerable forensic and clinical potential. Although these AI models may not yet fully replace conventional techniques, they offer a substantial value as complementary tools, improving both accuracy and operational efficiency. To foster wider adoption and improve reliability, ongoing research and the development of standardized protocols are essential for integrating these methods into forensic odontology and related fields.

Background The human ear is unique to individuals, and ear prints, like fingerprints, are discrete enough to distinguish identical twins. Therefore, the external ear could be used to identify both living and deceased individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the stature and sexual dimorphism of the external ear using various morphometric parameters and morphological features for forensic identification. Methods This study included 40 participants (20 males and 20 females). Participants were between the age of 18-25yrs. Measurements were taken with the subject’s head in the Frankfort horizontal plane. 18 measurements were taken like ear length and width, lobule height and width, concha length and width, tragus length, morphological ear length, helical mastoid distal length, thickness of ear lobe, auricular inclination angle, antihelical take off angle, concha mastoid angle, auricular index, lobular index, concha index, ear attachment length index and conchal bowl depth on external ear were taken and the morphological features like shape of ear, ear lobe, darwin’s tubercle and ear tragus, attachment of ear lobe and form of helix of both the right and left ears were noted. A digital Vernier caliper was used to measure all parameters. The angles were measured using a goniometer. Normal distribution was verified using the Shapiro–Wilk test. For normally distributed parameters, an independent t-test was used, and for non-normally distributed parameters, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare sexes. To compare the right and left parameters, independent t-tests (for normally distributed data) and Mann-Whitney U tests (for non-normally distributed data) were applied. Sex determination and stature estimation were performed using logistic regression analysis. Results In males and females, the most common shape was oval, and the ear lobe was free. The most common shape of the ear lobe in males was arched, while in females, it was triangular. In males and females, the most common form of the helix was the concave marginal. In males, the most common shape of the tragus was round, whereas in females, it was long. In males and females, the most common shape of Darwin’s tubercle was enlarged. It was seen that the right lobe width showed perfect separation, indicating its potential as an extremely reliable predictor. It was noted that in females, the strongest correlation with height was with the ear inclination angle on both sides. Conclusion The results of this study can help forensic anthropologists identify the sex and stature of a person from various ear measurements.