María Jossé Navarro-Ibarra

Combined functional training (FT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and aquatic exercise may improve health-related fitness in aging populations; however, the influence of baseline adiposity on training responses remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week multicomponent training program on aerobic capacity, body composition, metabolic health, and physical performance in middle-aged and older women and explored whether baseline body fat percentage modulated these responses. Thirty-four women (50–72 years) were assigned to a control group (Ctrl, n = 10) or an exercise group, stratified into normal fat (NF%, n = 10) and high fat (HF%, n = 14). The intervention included three weekly 60 min sessions consisting of HIIT, FT, and aquatic-based interval and resistance exercises, while controls maintained their habitual lifestyle without structured exercise. Significant improvements were observed in VO₂max, skeletal muscle mass, fasting insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and functional performance. Baseline adiposity influenced metabolic adaptations, with greater improvements in the HF% group. These findings suggest that multicomponent training may improve cardiometabolic health and physical performance; however, the results should be interpreted cautiously due to the quasi-experimental design and small sample size.

Vigorous and prolonged physical training can impair immune function, such as neutrophil and monocyte activity, including phagocytosis and oxidative burst, which are critical for pathogen defense. These impairments can result in immunosuppression, increasing athletes' susceptibility to illnesses, such as upper respiratory tract symptoms. Bovine colostrum has been proposed as an efficient nutritional strategy to reverse immunosuppression due to its immunomodulatory effects. This work evaluated the effects of bovine colostrum supplementation on the phagocytic and oxidative activity of neutrophils and monocytes from recreational athletes. A pilot randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial was designed. Twenty-seven recreational athletes were supplemented with bovine colostrum (n=16) or placebo (n=11) for four weeks. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst in neutrophils and monocytes were assessed before and after intervention using flow cytometry. Upper respiratory tract symptoms were evaluated daily using WURSS-11 questionnaire. The results revealed a significant increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytic and oxidative functions in the bovine colostrum group but not in the placebo group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in upper respiratory tract symptoms between the groups at the end of the intervention. In conclusion, BC supplementation enhances neutrophil function but does not affect the incidence of upper respiratory tract symptoms (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06123910).

El cáncer de mama (CaMa) es un problema de salud pública en México; Sonora es uno de los estados con mayor tasa de defunciones por CaMa en mujeres de 20 años y más. La neoplasia generalmente se presenta con otras comorbilidades, lo cual disminuye la supervivencia promedio. Para aumentar la supervivencia, se recomienda a las mujeres sobrevivientes tener un estilo de vida saludable y disminuir tanto su peso como su grasa corporal. Esto puede ayudar a reducir la mortalidad y el riesgo de recurrencia; además, mejora la salud mental, la fatiga, la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento físico. Sin embargo, poder llevar a cabo estas conductas es un reto para la salud pública. En este escrito se realiza un compendio resumido de las investigaciones que se llevaron a cabo sobre el tema del CaMa a lo largo del periodo 2010-2021 en mujeres de Sonora. Se incluyen los estudios pioneros sobre el consumo y análisis de fitoestrógenos, la contribución de la dieta sonorense al riesgo de la enfermedad y las alteraciones en algunos biomarcadores de riesgo o protectores, la presencia de comorbilidades como la obesidad y diabetes tipo 2, así como la salud mental de las sobrevivientes. El capítulo termina describiendo la aplicación de una intervención sobre la dieta y la actividad física que utiliza la estrategia de la Entrevista Motivacional en sobrevivientes de CaMa. Se presentan algunos resultados y se mencionan los obstáculos y facilitadores encontrados para llevar a cabo cambios en el estilo de vida en este grupo de mujeres.

Sports professionals prioritize athlete body composition (BC) due to its relationship to performance. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) estimates BC using predictive equations, and validating these equations is essential to determine their utility. The aim of this study was to externally validate four bioelectrical impedance equations for predicting body composition in Mexican recreational runners using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference method. This external validation pilot study followed a comparative, cross-sectional design and included 30 Mexican male recreational runners (aged 38.0 ± 10.7 years). BC was measured using DXA and four BIA equations. A paired t-test was performed to evaluate differences between methods. Equivalent testing, Simple linear regression, and Bland-Altman analysis were carried out to evaluate agreement between methods. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Non-significant differences were found between DXA and predicted values with Macias et al. (2007) and Lukaski and Bolonchuk (1987) equations (p < 0.05). These equations provided equivalence at 5% regions and non-significant bias. In conclusion, Lukaski and Bolonchuk (1987) demonstrate the most accurate equations for the current sample. These equations showed promising results for measuring BC in a cohort of runners; however, caution is advised when applying them to individual tracking.

Cereals have been a foundational component of human diets across different continents, with rice dominating in Asia, sorghum in Africa, wheat in Europe, and maize in America. Mexico, more accurately Mesoamerica, is recognized as the origin of maize (including pigmented maize), with its first ancestor traced back to Tehuacán, Puebla, Mexico. Pigmented maize owes its vibrant colors due to its anthocyanin (i.e., cyanidin-3-glucoside) contents, which contribute to the red, purple, or blue coloration and offer notable health benefits. The antioxidant properties of maize are crucial, given the role of oxidative stress in various diseases, and present a valuable resource for functional foods and nutraceuticals. Emerging studies underscore the prebiotic potential of anthocyanins, showing their ability to modulate gut microbiota positively. This review aims to explore the potential of pigmented maize in traditional Mexican beverage (such as pozol and tejuino) production, emphasizing the bioactive compounds (mainly anthocyanins) present and their health benefits while also considering new opportunities in the functional food industry.

La investigación en nutrición traslacional permite el abordaje de los problemas alimentarios y nutricionales de manera multidisciplinaria y transdisciplinaria desde una perspectiva integral aplicada, centrada en el paciente y la comunidad. El conocimiento generado en las ciencias básicas derivado de estudios preclínicos y clínicos se lleva a la aplicación con el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación de intervención dirigidos a mejorar prácticas y comportamientos de la población para el control del aumento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, las cuales se encuentran consideradas como problemas prioritarios de salud. Sin embargo, actualmente sigue existiendo una brecha en la traslación de resultados de estudios clínicos a la toma de decisiones de salud en la práctica clínica y comunitaria, lo que aumenta la necesidad de comunicación entre la comunidad científica y quienes toman las decisiones en políticas públicas en salud para el abordaje integral de prevención y tratamiento en materia de salud y nutrición de la población. La nutrición no puede ser entendida si no a partir de su aplicación a las necesidades que la población tenga que solucionar. Sirva este artículo como un medio para mejorar los canales de diálogo entre actores principales, y así motivar la mejora integral de las ciencias que impactan a la nutrición.

The revaluation of agricultural waste represents a source of generation of new products with a high content of bioactive compounds and low sodium content that can contribute to the reduction of the consumption of this element by the population. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant content, amount of sodium and phenolic compounds of three commercial seasonings with a vegetable seasoning formulated from garlic/onion residues. The results showed that it was possible to formulate a seasoning using garlic and onion peels dehydrated for 24 h at 50 °C. Which were ground to 300 microns and mixed in a proportion of 60 g of garlic powder with 40 g of onion powder. This seasoning was then compared to three commercial formulas. The analysis of the garlic/onion-based seasoning presented significantly lower values ​​of sodium (60 mg/ 100 g) and NaCl (4.7%) compared to the three commercial seasonings that showed sodium values ​​(137 mg/ 100 g; 69 mg/100 g and 237 mg/100 mg, respectively) and NaCl (54.8%, 33% and 70%, respectively). In contrast, the values ​​of proteins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity showed significantly higher values ​​compared to commercial seasonings. Finally, our study shows the generation of a formulation of a seasoning low in sodium and with important values ​​of bioactive compounds, with a technology accessible to producers. This allows us to generate viable alternatives for the revaluation of onion and garlic peels, promoting their sustainable management. Future studies should identify the effect of extracts of this mixture on the inhibition of enzymes related to blood pressure. Which would contribute to the incorporation of this product in the development of additives with low sodium intake for the population. La revaloración de residuos agrícolas representa una fuente de generación de nuevos productos con alto contenido de compuestos bioactivos y bajo contenido de sodio que puede contribuir a la reducción del consumo de este elemento por la población. De tal forma que el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el contenido antioxidante, cantidad de sodio y compuestos fenólicos de tres sazonadores comerciales con un sazonador vegetal formulado a base de residuos de ajo/cebolla. Los resultados evidenciaron que fue posible realizar la formulación de un sazonador empleando cascaras de ajo y cebolla deshidratadas por 24 h a 50 °C. Las cuales fueron molidas a 300 micras y mezcladas en proporción de 60 g de polvo de ajo con 40 g de polvo de cebolla. Este sazonador luego se comparó con tres fórmulas comerciales. El análisis del sazonador a base de ajo/cebolla presentó valores significativamente menores de sodio (60 mg/ 100 g) y de NaCl (4,7 %) comparado con los tres sazonadores comerciales que mostraron valores de sodio (137 mg/ 100 g; 69 mg/100 g y 237 mg/100 mg, respectivamente) y de NaCl (54,8 %, 33 % y 70 %, respectivamente). En contraste, los valores de proteínas, compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidante mostraron valores significativamente mayores comparados a los sazonadores comerciales. Finalmente, nuestro estudio muestra, la generación de una formulación de un sazonador bajo en sodio y con valores importantes de compuestos bioactivos, con una tecnología accesible a productores. Lo cual permite generar alternativas viables de revalorización de las cascaras de ajo y cebolla, fomentando un manejo sustentable de los mismos. Futuros estudios deberán identificar el efecto de extractos de esta mezcla, en la inhibición de enzimas relacionadas con la presión arterial. Lo cual contribuiría a la incorporación de este producto en el desarrollo de aditivos con bajo aporte de sodio a la población.

Obesity is highly prevalent in breast cancer (BC) survivors. Adipose tissue promotes inflammation, affecting recurrence, morbidity, and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the relationship of body composition parameters with the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in female BC survivors. Additionally, we evaluated the association of log-transformed serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6 with the appendicular skeletal lean mass index (ASMI). The results showed that CRP was positively associated with body fat percentage (BFP; β adjusted = .08, 95% CI: .02–.14) in all participants, and with fat mass index (FMI; β = .24, 95% CI: .08–.40) only in premenopausal women. IL-6 was positively associated with FMI (β adjusted = .16, 95% CI: .03–.29), while ASMI decreased as CRP levels increased (β adjusted = −.30, 95% CI: −.53 to −.06). Interventions to improve body composition in BC survivors should also consider the role of inflammatory markers in changes in body composition to avoid sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the risk of BC recurrence.