Özge Ülgen

Background and Aim: Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a severe chronic childhood lung disease associated with significant caregiver burden, yet maternal psychological impact remains understudied. We evaluated anxiety and depression levels in mothers of children with BO versus healthy controls and according to BO etiology. Methods: In this prospective case–control study, mothers of children with BO and sociodemographically matched healthy controls were included. BO was classified as post-infectious or post-hematopoetic stem cell transplantation BO syndrome. Maternal psychological status was assessed using validated Turkish versions of BDI,STAI, and DASS-21. Results:40 BO mothers and 40 controls were included. Groups were comparable (p > 0.05). BO mothers had higher DASS-21 depression, anxiety and STAI-T scores (p ≤ 0.045). (Figure-1) No subtype differences were found. erj;68/suppl_70/PA3994/F1 F1 F1 (Figure-2) Household size correlated with BDI and STAI scores in post-HSCT BO. erj;68/suppl_70/PA3994/F2 F2 F2 Conclusion: BO is associated with increased maternal psychological distress independent of sociodemographic factors or etiology. Mental health screening and targeted psychosocial support may improve caregiver well-being and disease management.

Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) include a diverse range of rare disorders, complex clinical progressions, and high rates of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to assess the clinical and psychosocial impacts of chILD in children registered in the National chILD-Turkiye database. Data from 17 centers were analyzed as of January 2024. Patients aged 1 month to 18 years were included in the study. Through face-to-face interviews, patients and their families completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales) and PedsQL™ 2.0 Family Impact Module. Higher scores suggest better performance and higher health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Patient clinic data, demographic information, pulmonary function tests, Fan scores, and household income were recorded. Patients were categorized into two groups according to their use of O ₂ therapy and diffuse progressive lung disease (DPLD) groups A and B. The study included 175 patients (90 girls), with a median age of 7.7 (1.0–17.8) years. A strong positive correlation was found between the FEV1% value and both the Physical Health Summary Score and the Total Score ( p = 0.007, r = 0.608; p = 0.008, r = 0.607). The Fan score negatively correlated with PedsQL™ scores ( p < 0.001). Patients who use O ₂ have an earlier diagnosis of age of chILD, lower FEV1%, higher Fan scores, and lower Child Self-Reports and Parent Reports scores ( p < 0.05). The group with DPLD-A disorders has an earlier diagnosis age, lower weight and BMI z-scores, higher Fan score, and higher Family Impact Module score ( p < 0.05). Conclusion : Lung function and Fan score strongly correlate with HRQoL, emphasizing the impact of disease severity on physical and psychosocial well-being. These findings highlight the need for multidisciplinary care and psychosocial support to enhance the QoL in children with chILD and their families. What is Known: • Childhood interstitial lung diseases (chILD) are rare and diverse disorders associated with significant morbidity and complex management. • Evidence regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and the psychosocial burden on affected families remains limited. What is New: • This multicenter national registry–based study provides the first comprehensive evaluation of HRQoL and family impact in children with chILD in Türkiye. • Lung function impairment and higher Fan severity scores were strongly linked to poorerHRQoL, highlighting the influence of disease severity on physical and psychosocial well-being.

Introduction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB),is one of the most common infectious diseases in children and one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in children. World Health Organization9s 2022 global TB report shows that COVID-19 outbreak has a negative impact on access to TB diagnosis and treatment as well as the burden of TB disease. Aim: We aimed to show how pediatric TB cases on the change of diagnosis and treatment process with COVID-19 pandemic Methods: Patients detected TB between August 2017 and January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, pre-pandemic(before March 2020) and pandemic(after March 2020) according to the date of diagnosis. Participants were divided into three groups as TB contact, Latent TB infection(LTBI) and TB disease. Groups were compared between pre and pandemic periods. Results: Our study included 68 participants. Their diagnoses were 33% LTBI,17.6% TB contact and 48.5% TB disease. Equally 34 participants were registered in both periods before and after the pandemic. In the pre-pandemic period, 35% of the patients had TB disease, 14.7% of them were TB contacts and 50% of them were diagnosed with LTBI, while this rate was 61%, 20.5% and 17.6% respectively during the pandemic period (p=0.018). The demographic characteristics and complaints at the time of admission of TB patients in both periods were similar. Conclusions: After COVID-19 pandemic, there was a remarkable increase in TB patients while a decrease in LTBI patients. During the pandemic period that lasted longer than 1 year, the increase in the indoor contact of children with the complete closure, and the difficulty of access to treatment and health centers increase the burden of TB disease.