Kathleen Kanaley

Grapevine downy mildew (GDM), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, can cause 100% yield loss and vine death under conducive conditions. High-resolution multispectral satellite platforms offer the opportunity to track rapidly spreading diseases such as GDM over large, heterogeneous fields. Here, we investigated the capacity of PlanetScope (3 m) and SkySat (50 cm) imagery for season-long GDM detection and surveillance. A team of trained scouts rated GDM severity and incidence at a research vineyard in Geneva, New York, from June to August 2020, 2021, and 2022. Satellite imagery acquired within 72 h of scouting was processed to extract single-band reflectance and vegetation indices (VIs). Random forest models trained on spectral bands and VIs from both image datasets could classify areas of high and low GDM incidence and severity with maximum accuracies of 0.85 (SkySat) and 0.92 (PlanetScope). However, we did not observe significant differences between VIs of high and low damage classes until late July to early August. We identified cloud cover, image co-registration, and low spectral resolution as key challenges to operationalizing satellite-based GDM surveillance. This work establishes the capacity of spaceborne multispectral sensors to detect late-stage GDM and outlines steps toward incorporating satellite remote sensing in grapevine disease surveillance systems. [ ] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Grapevine downy mildew (GDM), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, can cause 100% yield loss and vine death under conducive conditions. Growers currently rely on frequent fungicide applications for control, but this practice has led to widespread resistance. Rapid remote detection and surveillance of GDM outbreaks would enable precision pesticide applications to target effective but resistance-prone fungicides where and when most needed, while relying on less resistance-prone protectants elsewhere. High resolution commercial satellite platforms offer the opportunity to track rapidly spreading diseases like GDM over large, heterogeneous fields. Here, we investigate the capacity of PlanetScope (3 m) and SkySat (50 cm) imagery for season-long GDM detection and surveillance. A team of trained scouts rated GDM severity and incidence in two acres of Chardonnay grapevines in Geneva, NY, USA in June-August of 2020, 2021, and 2022. Satellite imagery acquired within 72 hours of scouting was processed to extract single-band reflectance and vegetation indices (VIs). Random forest models trained on spectral bands and VIs derived from both image datasets could classify areas of high and low GDM incidence and severity with maximum accuracies of 0.88 (SkySat) and 0.94 (PlanetScope). However, we do not observe significant differences between VIs of high and low damage classes until late July-early August. We identify cloud cover, image co-registration, and low spectral resolution as key challenges to operationalizing satellite-based GDM surveillance. This work establishes the capacity of spaceborne multispectral sensors to detect late-stage GDM and outlines steps towards incorporating satellite remote sensing in grapevine disease surveillance systems.