Sara Mohsen

Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) can be caused by a wide range of microorganisms, including mainly bacteria and fungi. This class of infections poses significant medical challenges, affecting a large proportion of individuals with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the primary microorganisms responsible for diabetic foot infections, elucidating their virulence factors, pathogenesis, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. It also explores the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on diabetic foot infections (DFIs), highlighting the role of biofilms in chronic diabetic foot infections and the resulting treatment difficulties, all with the goal of reducing complications. By gaining insight into the diverse spectrum of microorganisms involved in diabetic foot infections, healthcare professionals can customize treatment plans for individual patients, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Apolipoproteins (APOs) are vital structural components of plasma lipoproteins that are involved in lipid metabolism and transport. Recent studies have reported an association between apolipoprotein dysregulation and the onset of a variety of human cancers; however, the role of certain APOs in cancer development remains unknown. Based on recent work, we hypothesize that APOs might be involved in the onset of cancer, with a focus on the most common cancers, including breast, lung, gynecological, colorectal, thyroid, gastric, pancreatic, hepatic, and prostate cancers. This review will focus on the evidence supporting this hypothesis, the mechanisms linking APOs to the onset of cancer, and the potential clinical relevance of its various inhibitors.