Abdul Moeed Asad

Design thinking is critical in engineering and a fundamental for secondary students in introductory technology and engineering courses. The goal of this investigation was to measure impacts of a simple primer called Learning by Evaluating on students’ design process. Students in introductory high school design courses were introduced to the primer as part of a treatment group. A comparison group did not receive the primer. Design documentation was collected in the form of students’ design journals which were evaluated using a rubric. Results showed no significant differences in design journal scores between the group that received the treatment and the group that did not. While the primer did not result in measurable differences in design documentation, an interesting discovery emerged during the analysis. Design documentation, regardless of group, was not well aligned with standard practice. This discovery may warrant further investigation into how design documentation, a key design practice, is being implemented in classrooms and what kinds of support teachers may need to implement design with fidelity.

The understanding of how teenagers perceive, manage and perform privacy is less well-understood in spaces outside of Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic countries. To fill this gap we interviewed 30 teens to investigate the privacy perceptions, practices, and experienced digital harms of young people in Pakistan, a particularly interesting context as privacy in this context is not seen as an individual right or performed within an individualistic framework but instead is influenced by a combination of factors including social norms, family dynamics and religious beliefs. Based on our findings, we developed four personas to systematize the needs and values of this specific population and then conducted focus groups with co-design activities to further explore privacy conflicts. Among other things that confirm and extend existing theories on teen's privacy practices and perceptions, our findings suggest that young women are disproportionately impacted by privacy violations and the harms extend beyond themselves to include their families.