Chao Li

The timing and mechanisms of Cenozoic deformation and landscape evolution in the eastern Tibetan Plateau remain contentious, particularly the roles of crustal shortening, strike‐slip faulting, and fluvial erosion. Here we integrate low‐temperature thermochronological data, including apatite fission‐track, apatite (U–Th)/He, and zircon (U–Th)/He ages, from the northern Jinsha region of eastern Tibet, between the low‐relief plateau interior and the deeply incised eastern margin. Our results reveal two broad phases of rapid cooling/exhumation: an early phase at ca. 68–45 Ma, with cooling rates of 4–10°C/Myr, broadly compatible with early Cenozoic crustal shortening and thickening; and a later phase at ca. 20–0 Ma, with cooling rates of ≥5°C/Myr. The three profiles record similar late Cenozoic cooling histories; therefore, the post–20 Ma signal cannot be uniquely attributed to local activity on the Jinsha Fault or to simple local river incision. Combined with published thermochronological data from the Jinsha River corridor, the results suggest a segmented regional cooling/exhumation pattern more compatible with fault‐influenced drainage organization and focused incision than with a single upstream‐propagating river‐incision wave. Between the two cooling/exhumation phases, the study area experienced prolonged thermal stability, or near‐isothermal holding, from 45 to 20 Ma, with cooling rates of <1°C/Myr. This interval is consistent with development and/or preservation of a high‐elevation, low‐relief landscape by the late Eocene to Oligocene. Overall, our results provide new constraints on the multi‐stage Cenozoic cooling/exhumation history of the northern Jinsha region and offer insight into the coupled tectonic and surface‐process evolution of eastern Tibet.

Against the backdrop of increasing urban population and continuous expansion of urban scales, achieving “people-centered” urban sustainable development, namely building livable and sustainable cities, faces formidable challenges. Under the shared global vision of achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), existing research has rarely explored the alignment between the construction of livable cities and the SDGs. This study constructs a scientific and universally applicable evaluation system for urban livability to clarify that building livable cities is a crucial pathway to promoting urban sustainable development. This study integrates the core principles of the three pillars of the United Nations’ sustainable development, the five-dimensional classification logic of the Global Urban Monitoring Framework, and the performance evaluation key points of ISO/TC 268 standards for SC1 “smart community infrastructure” to construct a six-dimensional livable city evaluation system covering society, economy, culture, environment, governance, and infrastructure. Starting from theoretical research on the connotation of livable cities and their alignment with the SDGs, and based on the research team’s evaluation experience and assessment paradigm of SDGs progress at the urban level, this study uses the “Indicator Library for Cities’ Sustainable Development (ILCSD)” as a technical tool to explore the technical methods for establishing an evaluation index system for livable cities. Meanwhile, combining qualitative research and statistical analysis with China’s development strategic needs, it selects 24 sample cities to analyze the level differences among different types of cities under the proposed index system and to identify the key factors and mechanisms influencing the sustainable development of livable cities. Through theoretical research and empirical analysis, this study has derived a set of evaluation indicators for livable cities oriented towards the SDGs, offering urban management stakeholders a reasonable and comprehensive universal evaluation technical tool to enhance urban livability and promote the implementation of the SDGs.

The widespread appearance of intermontane basins in the northern Tibetan Plateau herald the outward expansion of tectonic deformation into the sedimentary basins. When and how the basins have been deformed and segmented, however, remain still unexplored. The Qaidam basin, the biggest intermontane basin in Tibet, archives up to 20 km‐thick sedimentary succession ranging in age from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. To tackle this issue, here we present a relatively large apatite fission track data set, coupled with detailed structural observations, for the Paleozoic‐Cenozoic strata of the fold‐thrust belt of the northern Qaidam Basin. Our results indicate that the activity of a typical pop‐up structure, consisting of foreland‐verging and antithetic high‐angle reverse faults, led to the rapid exhumation of 2–3 km‐thick basin‐margin strata since 10‐7 Ma. This tectonic event coincidently induced a major sediment recycling event observed at multiple sedimentary sections within the basin, as well as abrupt variations in lithology, grain size, and magnetic susceptibility value at ca. 8 Ma. The source‐to‐sink reconstruction, for the first time ever, offers evidence for a syntectonic intrabasinal sediment recycling. This late Miocene activity has also been observed within other subordinate basins, suggesting a nearly synchronous onset of compressional deformation propagating into the basins of northern Tibet since ∼8 Ma. A slowing extrusional tectonics under restricted boundary conditions may explain this coeval crustal thickening and uniform uplift of northern Tibet.

In the new era of the vigorous development of digitalization and intelligence, digital technology has widely penetrated various fields. International authoritative standardization bodies, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), proposed a timely new standard concept called Standards Machine Applicable, Readable, and Transferable (SMART) in order to meet this development trend. Its core feature is that the standard can be machine-readable, usable, understandable, and resolvable without human labor so as to achieve the goals of standard formulation, promotion, publicity, and implementation more effectively. Simultaneously, China’s standardization industry is responding to the strategic deployment of “new quality productivity” by actively promoting the digital development of standards and establishing standard information databases, standard formulation management systems, etc., which provide data support and a platform basis for applying new technologies. Advanced technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and knowledge graphs can be combined with standardization to improve the efficiency of standard development, application accuracy, and implementation effects. To align with these trends, this study focuses on analyzing the responses of national and international standards in the field of urban sustainable development to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN-SDGs). This study proposes an innovative approach involving the application of knowledge graph technology to the standardization of urban sustainable development and establishing a response correlation between the indicator library for cities’ sustainable development (ILCSD) and SDGs. It also provides additional functions, such as the intelligent extraction of cities’ sustainable characteristic evaluation indicators and aided decision analysis, which greatly enhance the practicability and efficiency of the ILCSD as a technical tool. Based on knowledge graphs, this study analyzes the different responses of important standards in the field of urban sustainable development to the 17 SDGs, accurately identifies weak trends and gaps in standards, and provides a basis for improving the standardization system of urban sustainable development. Simultaneously, by comparing national and international standards and technologies, this study promotes the mutual recognition of standards, which can help China’s urban sustainable development work align with international standards. In addition, the process of establishing and maintaining knowledge graphs facilitates the continuous adoption of new standards through which the indicator library is automatically updated. Finally, in this study, we propose several inspirations for the standardization of urban sustainable development in China, such as an optimization standard system of benchmarking SDGs and a localization application of the original SDG indicators.

The tectonic and topographic evolution of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau based on low‐temperature thermochronology data is controversial, especially whether it is tectonically‐ or climatically‐controlled, especially along the Lancang fault (LCF) that links the flat central plateau to the west with the high relief southeastern Tibetan Plateau to the east. To explore the tectonic evolution of the LCF and its role in the tectonic and topographic evolution of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, we carried out detailed field investigation and low‐temperature thermochronology (AHe, AFT, and ZHe) analyses. Field evidence indicate that the northern LCF splits into two branches, the Yangda‐Yaxu and Baqing‐Leiwuqi faults, the latter striking N50°W and dipping to the SW at ∼55°, exposing >100 m‐wide fault rocks composed of a fault damage zone, breccia, and gouge. New thermochronology data and thermo‐kinematic modeling results suggest rapid exhumation of the region located between these two fault branches during ∼22–10 Ma at an exhumation rate of ∼1.57 km/Ma, compared to slow cooling prior to 22 Ma and since 10 Ma. We propose that internal anti‐clockwise block rotation triggered rapid local exhumation, and that the final merging of different parts of the LCF during the Early‐Middle Miocene assisted the southeastward escape of Sundaland, which profoundly affected the evolution of the regional geomorphology.

The assemblage of oceanic islands and seamounts, arising from the widespread presence of mature oceans, plays a crucial role in reconstructing the evolutionary history of the paleoocean. Oceanic islands or seamounts within the Longmuco-Shuanghu metamorphic complex, a remnant of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean in the central Tibetan Plateau, have seldom been reported due to their remoteness. This study has identified an oceanic island-seamount in the Maoershan area, situated to the west of the Longmuco-Shuanghu metamorphic complex, composed of basalt, diabase, limestone, and siliceous rocks. Based on field observations, petrology, zircon U-Pb dating, whole-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotopes analyses, we have identified a suite of mafic rocks with OIB affinity. The youngest zircon U-Pb age cluster was concentrated at ~243–241 Ma. The geochemical characteristics of the siliceous rocks indicate a mixture of terrigenous material, suggesting that they formed in a continental margin. In combination with regional geological data, we conclude that the Longmuco-Shuanghu Paleo-Tethys Ocean remained open during the Middle Triassic. Furthermore, a fraction of the oceanic island-seamounts underwent scraping and transformed into a metamorphic complex, while other segments experienced deep subduction, resulting in the formation of high-pressure metamorphic rocks. Collectively, these processes gave rise to the distinctive high-pressure metamorphic complex within the central Qiangtang terrane.

青藏高原腹地羌塘地体中部猫耳山增生杂岩内保留有早古生代变质记录，对研究冈瓦纳大陆北缘的早古生代构造格架和演化具有重要意义。猫耳山石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出于斜长角闪岩内，主要由石榴石、角闪石、单斜辉石、斜长石、白云母、黝帘石、绿泥石、榍石和钛铁矿组成。石榴角闪岩的全岩地球化学分析表明其具有俯冲带上（SSZ型）蛇绿岩特征，与区域内寒武-奥陶纪蛇绿岩残片一致。根据岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟以及锆石定年结果，得出石榴角闪岩的成因及变质过程如下：（1）石榴角闪岩原岩为~477Ma的特提斯洋蛇绿岩残片；（2）在394~383Ma发生麻粒岩相变质过程，峰期变质温压条件为~900℃、~1.55GPa，矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石；（3）早期的折返导致其降温降压至~800℃、~1.0GPa，矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石+斜长石；（4）进一步的角闪岩相退变质发生于358~348Ma，矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+透辉石+钛铁矿，在石榴石周围和港湾处形成斜长石+角闪石的后成合晶结构。石榴角闪岩的P-T-t演化轨迹结合区域蛇绿岩和岩浆岩记录，指示早古生代特提斯洋壳俯冲、泥盆纪特提斯洋弧后扩张和石炭纪特提斯洋内岛弧增生的过程。