Sri Lestari Prasilowati

Dendrobium lineale Rolfe is an important orchid species used as a parent in breeding. Currently, this orchid is classified as an endangered species and is listed in Appendix II according to CITES. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sucrose and coconut water (CW) on the asymbiotic seed germination and shoot development of this endangered Indonesian orchid. In vitro orchid seed culture aids in conservation and reintroduction. Three‐month‐old hand‐pollinated seeds were sown on Vacin and Went (VW) solid medium supplemented with several concentrations of sucrose (10, 20, and 30 g/L) or without sucrose (controls). Seed germination and protocorm development were investigated 1, 2, and 3 months after sowing. To analyze the role of CW in subsequent shoot development and root formation, shoots with an approximately 1‐cm length and comprising 1‐2 leaves obtained following seed germination were cultured on VW medium supplemented with several concentrations of CW (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and without CW (control) treatment. After 4 months of culture, the number of roots, the number of leaves, and dry weight of the plantlets were recorded. VW medium containing 20 g/L sucrose effectively enhanced seed germination (89%) and shoot formation with one or more leaves (stage 5) (46%). Supplementation with 20% CW in VW medium was suitable for shoot development, resulting in well‐developed roots and leaves and improved fresh weight of plantlets compared with those in the other treatments. Moreover, 87% of the acclimatized plantlets survived. This protocol is an efficient method for the in vitro mass production and conservation of this endangered epiphytic orchid using asymbiotic seed culture.

The business model and consequently, the bank’s risk exposure significantly depends on the source of capital (Riabichenko et al., 2019). This research uses vector error correction model (VECM) data analysis to investigate the influence of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loans (NPL), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) on the level of credit distribution at commercial banks in Indonesia. Using secondary data, research data was processed using the EViews 12 application with the research population being banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019–2021. The research results show the variables CAR, NPL, and LDR have a significant effect on long-term credit distribution. In addition, the NPL variable significantly influences the credit distribution variable in the short term. The Granger causality test result shows that there is no two-directional causality relationship between the independent variables CAR, NPL, and LDR on the credit distribution variable. The results of this research are in accordance with financial intermediation theory, where the theory explains that savings and loans with high leverage can reduce the possibility of default (payment failure).

Objective: This study investigates the impact of e-payment platform reputation, e-customer support, and app navigation ease on e-payment experience, engagement, and advocacy in Indonesia's digital economy. Theoretical Framework: We address the gap in understanding these factors' effect on digital payment advocacy by employing a quantitative design and surveying 360 participants, using structural equation modeling (SEM). Method: Using SEM, we analyze survey data from 360 participants to examine the relationships between e-payment platform reputation, e-customer support, app navigation ease, e-payment experience, engagement, and digital payment advocacy. Results and Conclusion: App navigation ease, e-customer support, e-payment engagement, and experience significantly impact digital payment advocacy, providing guidance for policymakers to improve user trust and enhance digital transactions in the digital economy. Implications of the Research: The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and platform providers aiming to enhance the digital payment landscape in Indonesia. Originality/Value: This research provides a comprehensive perspective on user behavior and attitudes toward digital payments, offering potential implications for stakeholders in the digital economy.