Shujuan Liu

Transparent glass scintillators suppress grain−boundary scattering, but in many metal−halide glasses x−ray attenuation and terminal emission originate from the same local coordination unit, making their optimization mutually constraining. Here, we report molecular−emitter supramolecular glasses that functionally partition these roles between an organic phosphonium chromophore and a stoichiometrically incorporated zinc–halide environment. The phosphonium salt melt quenching methyl(4−(diphenylamino)phenyl)diphenylphosphonium iodide ( o ‐TNP) with ZnX ₂ (X = Cl, Br, or I) and a trace amount of 4,4′−bipyridine (BP) produced transparent amorphous materials with glass−transition temperatures above 100°C. Across the halide series, the principal emission maximum remained within 493–500 nm, whereas the photoluminescence quantum yield increased from 3.53% to 10.01%, the average long−lived emission lifetime decreased from 9.7 to 4.4 µs, and the attenuation−corrected light yield rose from 14 909 to 22 954 photons MeV ⁻¹ . The optimized TNP−ZnI ₂ screen achieved a system spatial resolution of 28.4 lp mm ⁻¹ at a thickness of 650 µm. After ten fragment−soften−recast cycles at 220°C, it retained 84% of its initial radioluminescence while preserving the emission maximum and spectral profile. This work provides a modular route for functional partitioning x−ray attenuation and long‐lived excited‐state dynamics with minimal perturbation of terminal emission energy.

Transparent glass scintillators suppress grain−boundary scattering, but in many metal−halide glasses x−ray attenuation and terminal emission originate from the same local coordination unit, making their optimization mutually constraining. Here, we report molecular−emitter supramolecular glasses that functionally partition these roles between an organic phosphonium chromophore and a stoichiometrically incorporated zinc–halide environment. The phosphonium salt melt quenching methyl(4−(diphenylamino)phenyl)diphenylphosphonium iodide ( o ‐TNP) with ZnX ₂ (X = Cl, Br, or I) and a trace amount of 4,4′−bipyridine (BP) produced transparent amorphous materials with glass−transition temperatures above 100°C. Across the halide series, the principal emission maximum remained within 493–500 nm, whereas the photoluminescence quantum yield increased from 3.53% to 10.01%, the average long−lived emission lifetime decreased from 9.7 to 4.4 µs, and the attenuation−corrected light yield rose from 14 909 to 22 954 photons MeV ⁻¹ . The optimized TNP−ZnI ₂ screen achieved a system spatial resolution of 28.4 lp mm ⁻¹ at a thickness of 650 µm. After ten fragment−soften−recast cycles at 220°C, it retained 84% of its initial radioluminescence while preserving the emission maximum and spectral profile. This work provides a modular route for functional partitioning x−ray attenuation and long‐lived excited‐state dynamics with minimal perturbation of terminal emission energy.

Conformal scintillators have emerged as promising candidates for next‐generation high‐fidelity X‐ray imaging, owing to their superior geometric adaptability. However, realizing such imaging remains challenging because high‐performance scintillators typically suffer from insufficient processing stability, whereas conventional flexible scintillator films fail to faithfully reproduce microscopic surface topographies. Herein, we report a structural locking strategy for constructing a copper halide cluster scintillator, (PyEA) ₄ Cu ₄ I ₄ (PyEA = Pyridin‐3‐yl acetate). Dense hydrogen bonds, π–π interactions, and metal/halide to ligand charge transfer processes lock both intermolecular and intramolecular architectures, endowing (PyEA) ₄ Cu ₄ I ₄ with a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, a high X‐ray light yield of 34000 photons MeV ⁻¹ , and superior water stability. Leveraging these characteristics, we explored a water‐driven adaptive reconstruction strategy by blending (PyEA) ₄ Cu ₄ I ₄ with a hydrophilic polymer matrix, enabling the film to dynamically conform to irregular surfaces and achieve high‐fidelity conformal X‐ray imaging. This work establishes a general paradigm for translating water‐stable scintillators into adaptive conformal imaging platforms, opening new opportunities for high‐fidelity X‐ray imaging of complex three‐dimensional objects.

Water electrolysis offers a scalable route to green hydrogen, but its anodic half‐reaction is still constrained by the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), a sluggish four‐electron process that consumes voltage while yielding low‐value O ₂ . Anodic high‐value conversion (AHVC) replaces this value‐losing step with product‐forming oxidation, enabling hydrogen evolution to be coupled with upgrading of oxygenated organics, nitrogen‐containing molecules, pollutants, and polymer or waste‐derived streams. Yet the promise of AHVC is not established by lower oxidation potential alone. Useful co‐production requires selective bond transformation, suppression of overoxidation and OER re‐entry, controlled intermediate fate, limited crossover, and recoverable product streams at relevant current densities. This Review develops a value‐retention framework for AHVC. We discuss the thermodynamic and kinetic origins of alternative anodic reactions, compare major substrate families and their product windows, and examine how working phases, interfacial adsorption, reactive oxygen species, and local microenvironments steer molecular pathways. Device translation is then considered through full‐cell metrics, membrane transport, product recovery, durability, and techno‐economic boundaries. By connecting molecular selectivity with electrolyzer operation, AHVC is framed as a route to energy‐saving hydrogen and value‐added chemical co‐production, rather than a simple OER substitute.

Enabling full-colour ultrahigh-resolution QLEDs via dual-action transfer printing and dielectric engineering, Wang, Ningyi, Zhang, Borui, Liu, Shujuan, Zhao, Qiang Enabling full-colour ultrahigh-resolution QLEDs via dual-action transfer printing and dielectric engineering, Wang, Ningyi, Zhang, Borui, Liu, Shujuan, Zhao, Qiang

As the internet of everything (IoE) advances, flexible ultra-low-profile and high-gain liquid metal (LM) radio frequency antennas represent a pivotal innovation for wireless communication in dynamic deformation scenarios, yet remain limited by the insulating oxide skin of LM materials and dielectric-conductor interfacial challenges in LM-based antennas. Herein, we pioneer a synergistic strategy of thermal activation and interface modification to fabricate flexible ultrathin eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) LM films for ultra-low-profile and high-gain antennas. Low-surface-tension LM inks (39.2 mN m−1) containing acetic acid (HAc) and high-surface-energy polydopamine-modified commercial dielectric substrates (45 mJ m−2) establish energy-matched printing interfaces, in which the work of adhesion reaches up to 71.6 mJ m−2, thereby fabricating uniform dense EGaIn films with robust film-substrate adhesion. Thermal evaporation activation of HAc in situ removes the insulating Ga2O3 skin and induces particle fusion for highly conductive dense film. Based on this synergistic strategy, the conductive LM structures (5.5 μm) can be precisely printed achieving high electrical conductivity (1.6 × 106 S m−1), without additional encapsulation or mechanical/chemical activation. The resulting elliptical loop antenna achieves an ultra-low profile (0.278 mm, 0.005λ0), high gain (4.7 dBi) and excellent mechanical resilience that maintains stable S11 and negligible gain variation (±0.08 dBi) over 5000 bending cycles. They can replace rigid antennas in commercial wireless image transmission systems, achieving stable low-latency image transmission over distances exceeding 150 m while maintaining reliable performance under diverse dynamic deformation conditions.

Interfacial thermal stress is a common issue limiting the performance of perovskite optoelectronics, particularly x‐ray detectors. This challenge originates from thermomechanical incompatibility: conventional high‐temperature perovskite crystallization induces severe interfacial thermal stress upon cooling, triggering film delamination and cracking. Herein, through solvent engineering and intermediate design, we demonstrate, for the first time, the low‐temperature formation of perovskite thick films, mitigating this issue at its origin. This is achieved by a new perovskite ink formulation containing highly volatile 2‐methoxyethanol (2‐ME) and monodentate coordinating 1‐cyclohexyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (CHP). This combination yields a new intermediate, (CHP) ₂ Pb ₃ I ₆ , that largely decouples nucleation from growth and lowers the crystallization temperature from 135 to 75°C. This reduction, along with an improved wettability, decreases the interfacial thermal stress by ∼75% and doubles the interfacial adhesion strength. Consequently, robust integration of perovskite thick films with an indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane is achieved. The resulting flat‐panel imager delivers a spatial resolution of 4.73 lp mm ⁻¹ (0.59 lp pix ⁻¹ ) when the modulation transfer function (MTF) reaches 0.2, outperforming commercial amorphous selenium (α‐Se) and previous perovskite‐based imagers. This work elucidates intermediate‐regulated crystallization thermodynamics and opens avenue for integrating monolithic perovskite optoelectronics onto temperature‑sensitive substrates.

Chiral co‐assemblies with helical nanofibers are promising for achieving high dissymmetry factors ( g _EL ) in circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs). However, enhancing device efficiency typically necessitates complex multi‐component systems, which often compromise the ordered structure. Herein, we propose an interlayer sensitization strategy that spatially decouples the sensitizer from the chiral supramolecular co‐assembled emitting layer. Two pairs of chiral co‐assemblies, R / S ‐PF: 3 wt.% TBN‐TPA and R / S ‐PF: 3 wt.% DtBuCzB, were prepared using PF8 as assembly host, R / S ‐5011 as chiral inducers, and TBN‐TPA and DtBuCzB as narrowband emitters. While the non‐sensitized devices exhibited favorable narrowband circularly polarized electroluminescence with | g _EL | of 0.036/0.017, their maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE _max ) limited at 0.81%/1.1% and 0.35%/0.32%. Specifically, the sensitized blue CP‐OLEDs based on R / S ‐PF: 3 wt.% TBN‐TPA achieved a 3‐fold increase in EQE _max (up to 2.43%/2.48%) while maintaining high | g _EL |of 0.032). Similarly, the sensitized cyan CP‐OLEDs based on R / S ‐PF: 3 wt.% DtBuCzB demonstrated a 6‐fold efficiency enhancement, reaching EQE _max of 2.11%/1.86%. By incorporating an interlayer sensitization strategy, we significantly boosted exciton utilization through interfacial energy transfer while preserving the chiral supramolecular architecture. This synergy of decoupling charge transport and chiral emission provides a robust, effective pathway for developing high‐performance CP‐OLEDs that integrate large g _EL value, high efficiency, and narrowband emission.

The luminescent multi‐component rare earth halides have great potential in optoelectronic applications. However, due to the complex structure and unclear structure‐property relationship, it is difficult to achieve precise luminescence regulation. Therefore, it remains challenging to ensure that the performance meets the on‐demand applications in complex scenarios. This study describes a new Tb‐Eu energy transfer systems, Cs ₂ Tb _1‐x Eu _x Cl ₅ ·6H ₂ O (X = 0–1), in which the chemical structure and luminescent color transitions are regulated via external stimuli of Lewis bases with varying strengths. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the addition or removal of CsCl units within the structural backbone modulates the donor–acceptor interionic distance, thereby tuning the energy transfer efficiency and enabling reversible switching between the characteristic green luminescence of Tb ³⁺ (547 nm) and red luminescence of Eu ³⁺ (592 / 613 nm). Finally, the Cs ₂ Tb _1‐x Eu _x Cl ₅ ·6H ₂ O (X = 0–1) was successfully applied to multilevel anti‐counterfeiting, information storage, and data encryption. These findings provide a promising strategy for the design of advanced luminescent materials with programmable optoelectronic properties.

Metal halide perovskites, in the form of large‐area, hundreds‐of‐micrometer thick polycrystalline films, hold great potential in revolutionizing current X‐ray imaging technologies. However, their monolithic integration with thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes is hindered by thermal expansion mismatch, excessive dark current, and buried‐interface defects. Herein, we introduce a multifunctional buried interlayer strategy that simultaneously surmount these obstacles. By engineering a polymer‐regulated perovskite interlayer, we create a mechanical buffer that effectively dissipates residual thermal stress, enabling delamination‐free growth of dense, 100‐µm‐thick films. Crucially, this architecture passivates interfacial defects and regulates the film growth, significantly suppressing defect‐mediated carrier trapping/detrapping and enabling fast, high‐fidelity response to millisecond‐scale X‐ray pulses used in practical clinically relevant conditions. Additionally, it constructs a perovskite homojunction that fortifies the hole injection barrier and enlarges the built‐in potential. The resulting detector exhibits a remarkable sensitivity‐to‐dark‐current ratio of 8.84 × 10 ¹⁰ µC Gy _air ⁻¹ A ⁻¹ and an ultralow limit of detection of 12 nGy _air s ⁻¹ . We further validate this approach by demonstrating a high‐resolution flat‐panel detector via seamless TFT integration. This work establishes polymer‐enabled homojunction as a critical design paradigm for realizing stable, low‐noise, and scalable perovskite X‐ray detectors.