Céline Demouge

- Mesure et suivi de l'évolution de l'impact environnemental associé aux traînées de condensation - Proposition de flux aériens dynamiques (réseau de routes aériennes) minimisant l'impact environnemental prenant en compte les contraintes opérationnelles - Mesure du rapport coûts / bénéfices pour des mesures prises contre les traînées de condensation sur le plan économique - Mesure des trade-offs associés à de telles mesures contre les traînées de condensation : influence sur les émissions de CO2, NOx...

Aircraft trajectory is one of the most fundamental objects in air traffic management. Its optimization is essential to ensure efficient and sustainable aviation. This survey proposes to study all the phases of a flight, from its prediction several days before day of flight to the landing of the aircraft, including also the study of a possible emergency situation. Each phase of flight raises different issues and is subject to particular constraints. These guide the choice of potentially usable optimization methods. This study proposes, from the context, the issues, and existing studies, a methodology to identify the most appropriate solution algorithms for optimizing each phase of flight. This methodology is based on 5 evaluation criteria: optimality, computing time, adaptability, memory usage, and multi-trajectories. Finally, thanks to it, some methods are compared based on their consistency with solving problem associated to each phase of flight.

This paper addresses the problem of finding a trajectory for an aircraft minimizing its total environmental impact. In particular, CO2 and contrails are considered. The Fast Marching Tree method is known to be efficient to find trajectories avoiding obstacles. This method is adapted to the case of soft obstacles, here areas favorable to contrails. This study is done in 2D and for the cruise phase of airliners. Two case studies on short-and long-haul flights are presented. The given results show trajectories minimizing the overall impact according to the given metric by trading off between CO2 and contrails. Moreover, they are obtained with a low computation time allowing one to consider extensions. Finally, an improvement concerning the sampling is proposed, reducing the computation time and cost.