Salvatore La Manna

Semitransparency is essential for applications in agrivoltaics and building-integrated photovoltaics. Here, semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSC) are developed using high-vacuum sputtering deposition of advanced oxide layers. The bottom electrode is a Gig-Lox TiO2 multibranched sponge deposited on commercial c-TiO2/FTO by reactive sputtering. This sponge is then infiltrated with δ-CsPbI3, which remains mostly embedded into the TiO2 scaffold during the subsequent deposition steps. On top of this stack, a transparent 7 nm MoOx buffer layer is deposited at low power density in pure Ar from a MoO3 target, followed by the deposition of a 90 nm-thick ITO layer by reactive sputtering in Ar–O2. The resulting device can be described as an HTL-free-like architecture, where the ultrathin MoOx layer enables hole transfer into ITO via defect-assisted tunneling. The perovskite, initially in the nonphotoactive δ-phase, is converted into the photoactive γ-phase upon annealing the full FTO/c-TiO2/Gig-Lox TiO2/CsPbI3/MoOx/ITO stack at 350 °C. Full device annealing is enabled by the inorganic nature of the entire stack, and reannealing is also feasible at the same temperature for reuse. Simulations and experiments suggest that an interplay between the Gig-Lox TiO2 thickness and the MoOx interlayer modulates both transmittance and PSC efficiency by tuning the CsPbI3 Fermi level and the CsPbI3/MoOx interface dipole. The proposed reusable, fully sputtered semitransparent PSC architecture integrating CsPbI3 opens applicative perspectives in building-integrated photovoltaics and agrivoltaics.

Photoactive devices embedding MoS2 thin layers between indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine doped tin oxide have been prepared by electrodeposition of MoS2. In order to improve carrier transport capability, the interface between MoS2 and ITO has been engineered with the introduction of a thin MoO3 layer. The effect of MoS2 concentration in the electrodeposition solution has been investigated. The structure and the optical properties of electrodeposited MoS2 have been studied by Raman spectroscopy, UV–Vis measurements, and transmission electron microscopy. The photoelectric response has been investigated using a 630 nm laser as a function of the power and applied voltage. The device with MoO3 shows promising external quantum efficiencies, from ≈0.25% at zero bias up to ≈50% at a bias of 1.6 V.

Anal fissure (AF) is a common cause of anal pain with a tendency not to heal spontaneously because of ischemia of the anoderm caused by sphincter spasm. Lateral internal sphincterotomy, while very effective, can cause fecal incontinence and chemical sphincterotomy by application of cream may have discouraging side effects and/or low efficacy. The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new medical treatment based on Emulgel cream, with emollient, soothing and protective agents, on AF healing.