Elena Iusupovskaia

Purpose Drug resistance is a major challenge in the treatment of tumor diseases, especially in glioblastoma (GBM), where temozolomide (TMZ) plays a critical role. However, the development of resistance to TMZ occurs rapidly in more than half of the patients who initially respond to the drug. This highlights the need for novel approaches to overcome drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes in GBM treatment. Methods In our study, we combine TMZ treatment with wireless optoelectronics using advanced multilayered organic semiconductor (MOS) devices. These devices consist of a 200 nm thick stack of metal and p–n semiconducting organic nanocrystals. When illuminated in physiological solutions, these MOS devices charge up and convert light pulses into localized displacement currents, which are strong enough to electrically stimulate tumor cells at safe light intensities. Importantly, the freestanding MOS devices require no external wiring or bias and remain stable under physiological conditions. The semiconductor layers are created from common, non-toxic pigments using simple, scalable deposition methods. Results Our results demonstrate that this combination of TMZ and optoelectronic stimulation significantly enhances apoptosis in tumor cells, thereby improving the effectiveness of TMZ in treating glioblastoma. Conclusion his research suggests that the integration of wireless optoelectronic stimulation with TMZ treatment offers a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance in GBM. The use of MOS devices enhances the therapeutic effect of TMZ and could lead to better treatment outcomes for patients with glioblastoma. Graphical Abstract

Scientific relevance. Medication adherence is an important condition for effective and safe treatment. The adherence of patients to prescriptions is tracked by assessing their condition, counting the pills taken, and using other indirect methods. Digital technologies can help healthcare providers improve their patients’ medication adherence.Aim. The authors aimed to review literature describing the medication adherence impact on treatment effectiveness, as well as digital solutions accompanying pharmacotherapy.Discussion. Poor adherence to treatment is a significant risk factor for patients. The most common examples of poor adherence are omissions and delays in the timing of doses. Compared with classical daily dosing, individualised regimens significantly increase the risk of adherence errors. Significant consequences of non-adherence include exacerbation of the disease, insufficient effectiveness of treatment, adverse drug reactions, and drug resistance. Promising hardware and software approaches to supporting medication adherence include innovative technological solutions (pillboxes, bottles with electronic reminder systems, digital pills, and smart medication adherence monitoring systems), mobile apps, and chatbots.Conclusions. Digital solutions to support pharmacotherapy help improve patients’ adherence to their dosing regimens and individualise their treatment. Further research is needed to select the most promising areas and develop novel digital technologies.