Yi Chen

To address the issue of low utilization rates, constrained operational modes, and the underutilization of flexible energy storage resources at the end-user level, this research paper introduces a collaborative operational approach for shared energy storage operators in a multiple microgrids (ESO-MGs) system. This approach takes into account the relation of electricity generated by MGs and the integration of diverse energy storage resources managed by ESO. A hybrid game-theoretic energy trading strategy is employed to address the challenges associated with energy trading and revenue distribution in this joint operational mode. Firstly, a multi-objective master–slave game optimization model is developed with the objective of maximizing the revenue earned by shared energy storage operators while simultaneously minimizing the operational costs of multiple microgrids. Secondly, acknowledging the peer-to-peer (P2P) energy sharing dynamics inherent in the multiple microgrid system, a non-co-operative game model is formulated. This model seeks to establish a multi-microgrid Nash equilibrium and equitable income allocation. Finally, leveraging the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and drawing upon the principles of strong duality theory, precise dimensionality reduction is executed on the master–slave game model. The non-co-operative income is iteratively determined using the alternating direction multiplier algorithm. The empirical findings of this study indicate that the integration of electric vehicle clusters contributes to flexible storage resources for shared energy storage operators. Moreover, the proposed hybrid game optimization strategy enhances the overall benefits for shared energy storage operators and multiple microgrids, thereby affirming the economic viability and reliability of this innovative strategy.