Muhammed Demircioğlu

Objective: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a clinically significant chronic inflammatory skin disorder in which disease severity and therapeutic response may vary across experimental animal strains. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has recently emerged as a promising treatment modality due to its anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing properties. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivities of BALB/c and Swiss Albino mice in the DNCB (2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene) -induced AD model and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of olive oil and water treated with cold atmospheric plasma.Materials and Methods: The experimental animals were divided into six groups: AD (BALB/c), AD+CAP Olive Oil (BALB/c), AD+CAP H₂O (BALB/c), AD (Swiss Albino), AD+CAP Olive Oil (Swiss Albino), and AD+CAP H₂O (Swiss Albino). Atopic dermatitis was induced using DNCB, and CAP-treated olive oil or CAP-treated water was applied as treatment. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate tissue changes and inflammatory responses.Results: Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings showed no significant strain-dependent differences between BALB/c and Swiss Albino mice in the DNCB-induced AD model. However, CAP-treated water produced a more pronounced therapeutic improvement compared with CAP-treated olive oil.Conclusion: CAP-treated water produced the clearest therapeutic response in both strains, while no statistically significant strain-dependent difference was detected. These findings suggest that CAP-treated water may be a promising approach for experimental AD.Keywords: Atopic Dermatitis, Plasma Gases, Disease Models, Animal, Mice.

The aim of this study was to make a detailed histological examination of the partridge digestive tract and to determine the distribution and density of Aquaporin (AQP) 3, which is involved in the intracellular transport of water and glycerol in these organs. Method: In the study, 5 healthy partridges were used to examine the digestive tract. The organs of the digestive tract were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological examination and immunohistochemical staining for AQP 3 immunolocalization. Results: Histologic findings were similar to other poultry species. However, unlike other species, villus development towards the lumen was observed in the colon. Immunohistochemical examination revealed AQP3 expression at various intensities in the digestive tract organs and layers. The highest expression was observed in the esophagus, followed by colon and rectum. The least AQP3 expression was observed in duodenum and jejunum. Conclusion: In conclusion, the expression and localization of AQP3, which plays an important role in body hemostasis and nutritional variability, were determined in the partridge digestive tract in its natural habitat. It is thought that the results obtained will be useful in explaining the function of the aquaporin mechanism, which has limited literature in the avian field, especially on the digestive system.

This study aimed to investigate the possible histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of bovine colostrum (BC) against the toxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the liver, kidney, and heart of Wistar Albino rats. Animals were divided into three groups: control, 5-FU, and 5-FU+BC. The control group received 2 mL/kg i.p. saline, the 5-FU group 100 mg/kg i.p. 5-FU, and the 5-FU+BC group received 100 mg/kg i.p. saline on the first day of the study. The 5-FU and 5-FU+BC groups received 100 mg/kg i.p. of 5-FU and 1000 mg/kg BC orally each day of the study. Liver, kidney, and heart tissues were examined histopathologically for lesions and the expression of TNF-α, HSP-27, CASP-3, and 8-OHdG. No pathologic lesions were observed in the control group, whereas severe pathologic lesions were observed in the 5-FU group. In the 5-FU+BC group, the lesions were less severe than in the 5-FU group. In immunohistochemical examination, biomarker expression was not observed in the control group, whereas it was severe in the 5-FU group and less severe in the 5-FU+BC group. At the end of the study, it was observed that 5-FU-induced pathological findings in liver, kidney, and heart tissues decreased with the use of bovine colostrum. The difference between the control group and the 5-FU and 5-FU+BC groups was significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Although the BC addition did not show any statistical significance in the pathological scores of 5-FU in liver, kidney, and heart tissues, it was observed that it improved the lesions of these tissues. Nevertheless, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses showed visible improvements in the 5-FU+BC group. Although more studies are needed, it is hoped that BC will improve prognosis by both reducing the side effects of 5-FU, a good chemotherapeutic agent, and its antineoplastic properties.

Life‐threatening sepsis with high mortality and morbidity is an important cause of acute kidney injury and myocardial dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of Micromeria congesta (MC) against kidney and heart damage caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used as a sepsis model. Control, LPS, LPS + 25 mg/kg MC and LPS + 50 mg/kg MC groups were established from rats for the study. After the experiment, kidney and heart tissues obtained from the rats were stained with hematoxylin‐eosin for histopathologic examination. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage. IL‐2 for inflammation, CASP‐3 for apoptosis, HSP‐27 for oxidative stress and 8‐OHdG for DNA damage were used for immunopathologic examination. Histopathologic examination showed that the lesions in the kidney and heart tissues in the LPS group decreased with increasing doses of MC. Immunohistochemical examination showed that the expression of IL‐2, CASP‐3, HSP‐27 and 8‐OHdG was severe in the LPS group, but the severity of expression in these tissues decreased with increasing doses of MC. As a result of the study, it was histopathologically determined that MC reduced LPS‐induced kidney and heart tissue damage. In addition, MC was found to protect against LPS by reducing LPS‐induced inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage in kidney and heart tissue. In conclusion, it was seen that MC was effective in sepsis damage. However, it was concluded that MC could be an alternative in drug strategies developed for sepsis treatment with studies in vivo including more analyses.

This study aims to investigate the possible effects of Micromeria congesta (MC) against inflammation and oxidative damage in the liver caused by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) used in sepsis modeling. A total of 24 animals, 6 Wistar Albino rats in each group, were used in the study. Animals were assigned to control, LPS, LPS+25 mg/ kg MC, LPS+50 mg/kg MC groups. In MC groups plant extract was administered to the animals for 7 days, LPS application was been made on the 7th day and the animals were euthanized 6 hours later. After euthanasia, the liver was examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. In histopathologic examinations, it was determined that the use of MC at increasing doses against liver toxicity caused by LPS decreased the lesions in the liver. In immunohistochemical examination, it was determined that TNF-α and IL-2 expressions, which are important biomarkers of inflammation, decreased in parallel with the increasing dose compared to the LPS group. In addition, HSP 27 expression, which is a marker of oxidative stress, was also found to decrease with increasing dose of MC extract. It was revealed that MC extract had a protective effect on LPS-induced liver toxicity by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress. More studies are needed for MC to be an alternative in the treatment of sepsis.

In this study, the structure of the papillae in the tongue of Morkaraman sheep was investigated by light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim of this study was to investigate the morphology and topographic distribution of the lingual papillae of the tongues of Morkaraman sheep breed. Adult male Morkaraman sheep tongues were used in the study. Tongue samples for light and scanning electron microscopy were taken from the apex, corpus, radix and torus lingua regions of the upper surface of the tongue and the lower surface of the tongue tip. Two types of taste papillae, papillae fungiformis and vallata, were observed on the tongue. Papillae fungiformis were found under the tip of the tongue, on the upper surface and sides of the tip and body of the tongue and on torus lingua. Papillae vallata were observed on both posterior sides of the torus lingua of the tongue. SEM examination showed that the surface of the papillae was smooth and there were no taste pores opening to the surface. On LM examination, filiform papillae at the lingual apex were common in materials. These papillae had secondary keratin extensions on the main body. The light and scanning electron microscopic structures of the taste papillae on the tongue of Morkaraman sheep were examined and their similarities and differences with other ruminant species were determined.

The aim of this study was to identify the glandula uropygialis's macroanatomical and histological structure in male and female birds (stork, goose, eagle, pigeon, crow and sparrowhawk) that belong to different populations. A total of 58 specimens were used in the study. The study materials were delivered to our laboratory by nature conservation and national parks, and no animals were euthanised for this study. The longitudinal and transversal lengths, dorsoventral heights and feather length of the glandula uropygialis and papilla uropygialis were measured with a digital calliper. Haematoxylin–eosin and Masson trichrome staining were performed for histological examinations. The shape of the glandula uropygialis was found to be pear‐shaped in pigeons and sparrowhawks, heart‐shaped in geese, kidney‐shaped in eagles and oval‐fascule‐shaped in storks. In the crow, the shape of the glandula uropygialis was different from the other species in that it was located dorso‐caudally. Histomorphological examination of the glands of these species revealed that the gland generally consisted of two lobes, right and left, surrounded by connective tissue from the outside. The parenchyma of these lobes consisted of tubulo‐alveolar secretory glands with a radial arrangement from the periphery to the centre. The glands within the lobes differed from the periphery to the centre and although the general histomorphological appearance was similar between bird species, some differences were observed between species. Similar stromal structure was observed in all bird species evaluated in the study. However, the reticular connective tissue forming the roof of the gland was found to be more developed in pigeons, especially in Masson's trichroma staining. The degenerative layer in the glands was more prominent in the eagle, followed by the goose and crow. Although a common general histological structure was observed among bird species, simple histomorphological differences were found between these formations, but no differences were found between the sexes. The results obtained will be compared with the findings of the aves class and will provide a data source for this special gland specific to birds. It is thought that the results obtained may help to determine the functional properties of the gland and contribute to the science of ornithology.

Akkaraman and Morkaraman sheep breeds constitute more than half of the sheep breeds in Turkey. The eye is one of the most complex organs of the body in humans and animals that receives and processes light impulses from the environment, converts them into electrical signals through anatomical and physiological mechanisms, and transmits them to the visual cortex of the central nervous system. Anatomical-morphometric and histological investigations of the bulbus oculi in Akkaraman and Morkaraman sheep breeds will provide reference data for veterinary sciences and human medicine where sheep are used as models. For this purpose, a total of 80 bulbus oculi, right and left, from both breeds and sexes were used in the study. For morphometric measurements, 20 parameters were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained preparations were examined under a light microscope after routine tissue monitoring procedures for histologic examination. In the statistical evaluation of the data, it was determined that significant differences according to sex were less in Akkaraman breed than in Morkaraman breed. In the comparison between the species, it was noteworthy that the differences in females were higher. It is thought that the results of the study will provide data both to the disciplines working in the field of veterinary medicine and to different disciplines, especially ophthalmology, as sheep are frequently used as a model in human medicine.

Aim: The present study was conducted to determine the effects of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) and N-acetyl Cysteine (NAC) alone or in their treatment combinations with commercial preparation Ornipural® (ORN) on bone metabolism against experimentally cadmium (Cd)-induced toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods: Totally 36 animals were used in the study including 6 Wistar Albino rats in each group. The animals were assigned to control, Cd, Cd+PPE, Cd+NAC, Cd+PPE+ORN and Cd+NAC+ORN groups. The animals in the groups were euthanized after their blood samples were taken at the end of the 8th week. The bones were subjected to maceration for morphometric and histopathological examinations after euthanasia. Results: The statistically significant differences were determined between the treatment groups and Cd group in terms of histopathological changes (osteoporotic alterations and changes in red bone marrow) and biomarkers (Ca, P and Mg) (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although PPE, NAC and treatment combinations with ORN applied against experimentally induced cadmium toxicity were determined to have positive effects on bone metabolism, it has been thought that carrying out trials by increasing treatment duration and dose would be beneficial to determine definite efficacy of the applied treatment protocols.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of Gundelia tournefortii plant extract on the spleen of rats with experimental type of rats. Methods: In the study, 35 adult Wistar Albino rats were used. Thirty-five male rats were randomly divided into five equal groups of seven rats each. Animal groups were determined as Control, Diabetes, Diabetes + Treatment 1, Diabetes + Treatment 2, Diabetes + Treatment 3. The control group was not exposed to any treatment. The other groups received 45 mg/kg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally on the experimental day. Animals in Diabetes + Treatment 1, Diabetes + Treatment 2 and Diabetes + Treatment 3 groups were administered 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of Gundelia tournefortii extract daily by oral gavage for 21 days, respectively. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized, and the spleen was properly removed. The tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin after routine tissue tracing. Results: Diabetes mellitus caused a decrease in the diameter of the white pulp and severe atrophy in the spleen tissue. In the red pulp, on the contrary, there was an increase in activation. In the treatment groups, it was determined that Gundelia tournefortii extract minimized the damage of diabetes and even the group with images close to the control group was Diabetes + Treatment 3, while in the other treatment groups, the rate of damage repair decreased as the dose decreased. Conclusion: In the study, it was determined that diabetes caused damage to the spleen tissue and these damages were reduced by Gundelia tournefortii plant extract. In addition, in the comparison between different doses of this plant extract in the treatment groups, it was determined that the best result was obtained in the group administered at the highest dose of 200 mg/kg. How to cite this article: Demircioğlu M, Dörtbudak MB. Protective effect of Gundelia Tournefortii extract on spleen tissue in experimental type I diabetes in rats. J Med Dent Invest 2023; 4: e230339. https://doi.org/10.5577/jomdi.e230339