Bo Wang

Cutaneous inflammation is influenced by systemic signals beyond the skin, and gut microbial metabolites contribute to skin homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Major classes of gut-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan-derived compounds, and secondary bile acids, may shape cutaneous inflammation through immune, neural, and endocrine pathways. However, current research remains fragmented across metabolite classes and pathways, and cross-pathway interactions remain unclear. As a result, the relationship between metabolite disturbances and distinct inflammatory phenotypes remains incompletely understood. Atopic dermatitis and chronic spontaneous urticaria are used as representative examples of this variability. This review summarizes major metabolite classes, the pathways linking them to cutaneous inflammation, and current therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways. Therapeutic strategies targeting gut microbial metabolites include direct metabolite supplementation, microbiome-targeted strategies that modify metabolite output, and indirect host-directed interventions. Available evidence suggests that gut microbial metabolites may serve as potential therapeutic targets in cutaneous inflammation. However, current limitations include context-dependent effects, limited causal evidence, variable treatment response, and unresolved issues in delivery and tissue specificity.

Background: Effective prevention of jellyfish stings is crucial for human safety during marine activities. Traditional protective methods are often limited in terms of coverage area and duration of protection; Methods: This study designed and tested a novel jellyfish-repellent textile by coating waterproof polyester fabric with copper ion-loaded multicompartmental nanoparticles, which repel jellyfish by disrupting their cellular membranes and physiological functions. The nanoparticles were synthesized to enable spatial separation of components, enhance stability, and allow controlled copper ion release. They were applied to the fabric in one step via high-voltage electrostatic spray technology, followed by characterization using SEM and FT-IR. The copper sulfate release profile and nanoparticle adhesion were analyzed. Jellyfish-repellent efficacy was evaluated, along with biocompatibility tests including skin sensitization (Magnusson and Kligman method), skin irritation (Draize test), and cytotoxicity (MTT assay on L929 cells and human dermal fibroblasts). Results: SEM confirmed the formation of uniform multicompartmental nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 2.28 to 3.15 μm. FT-IR verified successful anchoring of Cu²⁺ ions to fabric fibers through coordination with hydroxyl groups. Drug release tests demonstrated water-triggered controlled release of copper ions lasting over 168 h, with nanoparticle retention rates exceeding 70% on all fabrics. The textile showed significant effectiveness in repelling jellyfish. Moreover, no apparent sensitization, irritation, or cytotoxicity was observed. Conclusions: A novel jellyfish-repellent textile was successfully developed using copper ion-loaded multicompartmental nanoparticles. This textile provides a promising solution for preventing jellyfish stings and contributes to the advancement of protective gear for marine activities.

For several decades, the cutaneous manifestations related to chronic kidney disease (CKD) have presented substantial clinical challenges. However, the underlying etiology and pathophysiology of these manifestations remain incompletely understood. Thyroid disorders represent a highly prevalent but often under-recognized endocrine dysfunction in patients with CKD. Recently, several studies have suggested that thyroid disorders play critical roles in modulating the cutaneous manifestations related to CKD and serve as a key factor in effectively addressing these issues. However, there is a notable lack of systematic reviews that comprehensively summarize the effect of thyroid disorders on CKD-related cutaneous manifestations, thereby impeding the advancement of research in this domain. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the effect of thyroid disorders on cutaneous manifestations related to CKD. Then, the underlying mechanisms through which thyroid disorders may induce or aggravate these cutaneous manifestations were further discussed. This comprehensive analysis can enhance our understanding on the roles of thyroid disorders in dermatological complications related to CKD, and help to identify novel targets and strategies for the effective management toward these refractory cutaneous manifestations.

Wound infection is one of the most important factors affecting wound healing, so its effective control is critical to promote the process of wound healing. However, with the increasing prevalence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains, the prevention and treatment of wound infections are now more challenging, imposing heavy medical and financial burdens on patients. Furthermore, the diminishing effectiveness of conventional antimicrobials and the declining research on new antibiotics necessitate the urgent exploration of alternative treatments for wound infections. Recently, phage therapy has been revitalized as a promising strategy to address the challenges posed by bacterial infections in the era of antibiotic resistance. The use of phage therapy in treating infectious diseases has demonstrated positive results. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms, characteristics, and delivery methods of phage therapy for combating pathogenic bacteria. Then, we focus on the clinical application of various phage therapies in managing refractory wound infections, such as diabetic foot infections, as well as traumatic, surgical, and burn wound infections. Additionally, an analysis of the potential obstacles and challenges of phage therapy in clinical practice is presented, along with corresponding strategies for addressing these issues. This review serves to enhance our understanding of phage therapy and provides innovative avenues for addressing refractory infections in wound healing.

Histamine receptor antagonists, which can bind to specific histamine receptors on target cells, exhibit substantial therapeutic efficacy in managing a variety of histamine-mediated disorders. Notably, histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists have been extensively investigated and universally acknowledged as recommended treatment agents for numerous allergic diseases and acid-related disorders, respectively. Historically, the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists has been considered a classic treatment strategy, demonstrating relatively superior efficacy compared with single-drug therapies in the treatment of diverse histamine-mediated diseases. The latest emerging studies have additionally suggested the underlying roles of histamine and H1R and H2R in the development of anxiety disorders, arthritic diseases, and postexercise hypotension. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the clinical efficacy of combination therapy, greatly limiting our understanding of its clinical application. Here, we present a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and perspectives regarding the combination of H1 and H2 histamine receptor antagonists in various histamine-mediated disorders. Furthermore, we critically analyze the adverse effects and limitations associated with combination therapy while suggesting potential solutions. Our review can offer a systematic summary and promising insights into the in-depth and effective application of the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists.