Svetlana Agasieva

This work systematically examines the effect of zirconium additions on the phase transition behavior and microstructural evolution of TiAl(Nb,Mo)B systems subjected to shear deformation under unconstrained self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The study further evaluates the direct correlation between Zr doping levels, microstructural arrangements, and the resulting mechanical behavior of the densified compacts. The experiments focused on a precursor powder blend with the nominal composition of 51.85Ti–43Al–4Nb–1Mo–0.15B (at %) supplemented with 1–3 at % of zirconium. The results demonstrate that introducing Zr during SHS processing promotes the precipitation of a secondary Al₂Zr intermetallic compound, which selectively segregates at the boundaries of the lamellar γ and α₂ colonies. This alloying strategy yields a pronounced enhancement in room-temperature improved crack resistance under contact/indentation conditions and structural damage tolerance. These mechanical enhancements are associated with a synergistic effect, phase transformations, and the precipitation of an Al₂Zr phase, whose volume fraction is governed by the initial Zr concentration. We assumed that the resulting microstructure effectively impedes macrocrack advancement through multi-directional branching and interfacial energy dissipation, thereby effectively preventing brittle failure under indentation loads up to 100 N at room temperature.

A dual-polarization L-band microwave radiometer was developed and tested for remote soil moisture measurement. The tests were conducted to study the possible integration of soil moisture and temperature data obtained by the radiometer into the precision farming system. The purpose of this work is to clarify and substantiate the main technical parameters of a new microwave radiometer for determining moisture content portraits of large areas of agricultural land, based on the analysis of the results of flight tests of dual-polarization microwave radiometric remote soil moisture indicator, which were conducted using a quadrocopter in different regions of the Russian Federation. Crop yields are determined by moisture content in the productive layer of soil. To obtain data on soil moisture at different depths it is necessary to use multi-frequency radiometers. So, the use of a multi-frequency microwave radiometer with wavelengths of 21, 11 and 5.5 cm was justified. The mass of such radiometer should not exceed 5 kg. and dimensions not more than 360x360x60 mm. so that it could be used as a carrier of small class UAV with payload not more than 5 kg. The second sensitivity should be no worse than 0.5 degrees. Continuous operation time from the built-in battery is not less than 3 hours.

The work is devoted to satellite microwave radiometric methods, which are of great scientific and practical interest for studies of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Task: It is to assess the relevance and technological priorities of satellite microwave radiometry in relation to monitoring environmental and climatic processes occurring in forest canopies. The priorities and advantages of using satellite microwave radiometry in studying radiothermal radiation of forest canopies are highlighted. Obstacles in the development of this technology are noted. The results of the study can be used for decision-making in the field of technological renewal and improvement of forest ecosystem analysis processes. The article can also be useful for specialists working in the field of development and implementation of innovative technologies.

In the Central region of the Russian Federation, the favorable period for spring field work is short, but extremely important for obtaining the planned harvest. The possibility of tillage is mainly determined by its humidity after snowmelt. For the preparation and adjustment of plans for mechanized work, operational georeferenced information on the hydrological state of the soil in the land-use area is necessary, for which moisture-temperature UAV-metry can be used. Purpose – to evaluate the possibility of using the data obtained by multisensory UAV-s during the survey of agricultural landscapes to identify economically significant hydrological heterogeneity of territories. Agricultural landscapes in the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region on gray forest loams and in the Shatura district of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic and podzolic sandy soils were examined. Their significant hydrological heterogeneity has been revealed, including local waterlogged areas with different causes of water stagnation. It is established that the dynamics of the hydrology of fields and the network of country roads are closely related. The use of UAV sensing data will help to eliminate the problem of difficult passage to the fields by carrying out appropriate measures and establishing the correct order of processing of land plots. To obtain the necessary information by agricultural enterprises, interdepartmental cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Ecology, the Ministry of Forestry, AVTODOR, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Energy Networks, as well as the use of the “Digital Earth system” is promising. The inclusion of moisture-temperature UAV-s in the production system – a plan for the preparation and conduct of spring field work, opens up new opportunities for their high-quality performance due to the timely identification of risk areas and appropriate adjustments. The priority object of the development application at the first stage should be considered roads – a key factor for rural areas.

The accuracy of mathematical modeling of the hydrological regime for a specific territory is determined by the quality of the digital elevation model (DEM) of this area. A particular challenge is the modeling of floodplain areas with a large number of reservoirs with changing water levels during flood periods. A distinctive feature of such a territory is the complex structure of small channels, vegetation and wetlands. Small changes in topographic elevations can significantly change flood patterns, requiring the construction of a high-precision DEM. Objective – the goal is the analysis of the quality of a digital terrain model based on constructing a system of changing coastlines, processing multispectral satellite images of the area at different time. The software for processing multi-channel satellite images with identification of water bodies in batch mode with subsequent vectorization of coastlines has been created. The possibility of updating altitude data using a set of boundaries of reservoirs using infrared data from the Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8-9 OLI satellites is shown. The critical values of intensities in the infrared channels have been determined, providing the best identification of the boundaries of reservoirs. The construction of geographically referenced boundaries of water bodies can be used to solve various environmental, hydrological and socio-economic problems. In particular, it is proposed to update elevation data for periodically flooded floodplain areas.

Thousands of earthen dams have been built in Russia to create accumulating reservoirs, protect low-lying areas from floods, hydropower and others. Sometimes, due to the presence of underground leaks, erosion of the dam occurs and a breakthrough with catastrophic consequences. Therefore, the task of timely identification of places of underground leaks of earthen dams is urgent. Objective – to show the results of a flight experiment and the practical use of a microwave radiometer mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to monitor the condition of an earthen dam in the Voronezh region and the possibility of searching for places of underground leaks. The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the condition of earthen dams. Also, the analysis of the obtained soil moisture maps allows you to determine the locations of possible underground leaks. The results of a flight experiment using a bipolarization microwave radiometer placed on board an unmanned aerial vehicle for remote determination of a portrait of soil moisture can be used to search for places of possible underground leaks. Also, this method of remote measurement of soil moisture can be used for the needs of agriculture, in particular for precision farming systems. In addition, the paper assesses the prospects of using microwave radiometric moisture meters for operational examination of the state of extended hydrological objects.

Nonstoichiometric ZnO1-x phases with oxygen deficiency at grain boundaries (GBs) in polycrystalline ZnO layers are a typical damaged layer formed during the synthesis or subsequent storage. In this case, the processes of adsorption-desorption of gases are the basic phenomenon used in the analysis of gas composition. MGB layers also play an important role in creating transparent electrodes for transparent electronics and optoelectronics devices. This makes it relevant to study the generalization of research data on non-stechiometric structures in various applications. Purpose: the research carried out is devoted to the analysis of the formation processes of non-stoichiometric ZnO1-x surface phases in gas sensors, transparent electrodes, ceramic targets for magnetron sputtering, and in light-emitting structures. Research is aimed at finding ways to control and optimizing the parameters of non-stoichiometric ZnO1-x phases. The structural features, electrical, optical, and emissive properties of the layers were studied depending on the stoichiometry of the material. The issues of transformation of the structure of grain boundaries in ZnO-based polycrystalline layers depending on the formation conditions and external influences are considered. The relationship between the mechanisms of carrier transport and the processes of formation of nonstoichiometric phases on the MG has been studied. The dependences of the luminescence spectra of ZnO layers on the density of oxygen vacancies were traced. The regularities of the formation of energy structures of magnetic grains in ZnO layers are considered. Establishment of patterns of formation and characteristics of non-stoichiometric phases on the MGB during the formation of various modifications of transparent electrodes. Study of ways to optimize the parameters of surface non-stoichiometric layers.