Ramakant Prasad

Digital twins (DT) are digital copies of tangible assets and operations utilised in some industries to improve efficiency and foster creativity, accuracy, and decision making. Although beneficial, they have brought up some of the most critical security issues due to the complexity of their implementation and how they are incorporated into strategic systems. In this study, the security aspects of DTs that deal with challenges relating to data integrity, privacy, and secrecy are covered: potential vulnerabilities. For example, data used for malicious reasons, gaining unauthorised access, and interference with authorised network activities are considered in the planned attempt. In this study, the authors provide a secure and efficient protocol based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) to address security, privacy, and associated concerns in vehicular digital twins (VDT) networks. In addition, the paper discusses formal and informal security analysis based on the random oracle model, Burrows-Abadi Needham (BAN) logic, and Scyther verification tool. The proposed protocol ensures security, privacy, and other related security attacks and attributes in VDT networks. Furthermore, in the performance analysis section, we compare the communication and computation costs of the proposed protocol and related protocols. The proposed framework is secure and efficient in VDT network systems. Our analysis shows that the proposed protocol may apply to future VDT networks.

Accurate forecasting of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (NINO3.4) is crucial for understanding regional weather patterns in the Indian subcontinent. Addressing the challenges associated with IOD and NINO3.4 prediction, a robust multi-task autoregressive deep learning model is introduced for precise forecasting of these indices and key grid projections sea surface temperature (SST), surface-level pressure gradient (SLG), and horizontal wind velocity (U-Comp) over a short to mid-term window (20 months). Utilizing spatiotemporal (SST, SLG, U-Comp) and temporal (IOD and NINO3.4) modalities, the proposed model predicts future IOD and NINO3.4, as well as SST, SLG, and U-Comp, in an autoregressive scheme. The multi-task learning component regularizes the model, effectively capturing the evolving dynamics of global patterns conditioned on IOD and NINO3.4. The comprehensive evaluation explores various task settings, including a duo-setting that predicts IOD or NINO3.4 with spatiotemporal information, showcasing notable proficiency. In a multi-task environment, where both temporal IOD, NINO3.4, and spatiotemporal SST, SLG, U-Comp are predicted, the model successfully forecasts IOD and NINO3.4 indices alongside grid projections with modest accuracy in root mean square error (RMSE). To enhance the model’s interpretability regarding spatiotemporal dynamics, a tailored version of Grad-CAM is employed, providing critical insights for climate prediction. This research advances climate prediction models, offering a comprehensive framework with significant implications for informed decision-making in the Indian subcontinent’s climatic context.