Zoran Stjepanovič

This study deals with the development of a kinematic 3D human-body model with an improved armature in the pelvic region, intended for a sitting posture (SIT), using Blender software. It is based on the scanned female body in a standing posture (STA) and SIT. Real and virtual measures of females’ lower-body circumferences for both postures were examined. Virtual prototyping of trousers was performed to investigate their fit and comfort on the scanned and kinematic 3D body models and to make comparison with real trousers. With the switch from STA to SIT, real and virtual lower-body circumferences increase and are reflected in the fit and comfort of virtual and real trousers. In SIT, the increased circumferences are attributed to the redistribution of body muscles and adipose tissue around the joints, as well as changes in joints’ shapes in body flexion regions, which are not uniformly represented on the kinematic sitting 3D body model, despite improved armature in the pelvic region. The study shows that average increases in waist, hip, thigh, and knee circumferences should be included in the process of basic clothing-pattern designs for SIT as minimal ease allowances, as should, in the future, armature designs that consider muscle and adipose tissues, to achieve realistic volumes for kinematic 3D body models in SIT.

Multifunctionality in Design: Collected Material.The collected material for the object Multifunctionality in design provides basic knowledge of multifunctionality in design. The first chapter covers the field of multifunctionality in various contexts that affect quality of life, adapt to ecological standards and individual needs, and interact with new media and technologies. The second section highlights examples of multifunctionality in the design of useful and technical products that are already recognized and widely used, or hardly rewarded examples of multifunctional solutions that promise future use. The chapter also covers multifunctionality and new technologies, as well as examples in the field of textile design, apparel and accessories, which, with advanced technologies, gain important dimensions of modern products. The third chapter highlights creative processes for creative idea generation, which, through different approaches and transferable forms and functions, create new creative solutions. Examples are presented in the context of the tasks given that helps by development of creativity. Zbrano gradivo podaja osnovna znanja o multifunkcionalnosti v oblikovanju. V prvem poglavju je predstavljeno področje multifunkcionalnosti v različnih kontekstih, ki vplivajo na kakovost življenja, se prilagajajo ekološkim standardom in individualnim potrebam ter so interaktivni z novimi mediji in tehnologijami. Naslednje poglavje obravnava primere multifunkcionalnosti v oblikovanju uporabnih in tehničnih izdelkov, ki so že prepoznani in širše uporabljeni, ali pa komaj na različnih natečajih nagrajeni primeri multifunkcionanih rešitev, ki obetajo uporabo v prihodnje. Poglavje zajema tudi multifunkcionalnost in nove tehnologije, ter primere s področja oblikovanja tekstilij, oblačil in dodatkov, ki z naprednimi tehnologijami dobivajo pomembne razsežnosti sodobnih izdelkov. V tretjem poglavju so izpostavljeni ustvarjalni postopki za kreativno snovanje idej, ki z različnimi pristopi in prenosljivimi oblikami in funkcijami ustvarijo nove kreativne rešitve. Primeri so predstavljeni v kontekstu podanih nalog, ki spodbujajo k pri razvoju kreativnosti.

In this research, the use of new technologies for the development of special protective overall for sport aircraft pilots was studied, with a focus on a comparative analysis of the static and dynamic body postures’ dimensions, intended for the development of the overall’s pattern design. For this purpose, digitalization of five male persons was carried out with the 3D human body scanner Vitus Smart by using 3D printed markers, precisely positioned on defined body locations, intended for exact measurement of body dimensions. Male persons, aged between 19 and 35 years with the same athletic body type and different body heights and body mass indexes (BMIs), were scanned in a standard static standing body posture and three dynamic body postures. A comparative analysis between the static and dynamic body postures was carried out. Based on the established body dimensions and girth dimensions of the 3D body model with 3D-modeled compression elements, made-to-measure construction of the overall pattern design was carried out. The function of these compression elements is redistribution of the blood from the lower extremities to the upper body parts at the appearance of high g-forces. Therefore, increased girth dimensions due to the use of compression elements were applied in the overall development process as construction measures with needed ease allowances. The functionality of the developed special protective overall was explored on the scanned 3D body model with 3D-modeled compression elements in a real sitting posture of the sport aircraft pilot in a cab by using virtual prototyping. The virtual simulation technology showed that a well-fitted protective overall for sport aircraft pilots can be developed by using a 3D scanned body model of a person in a sitting posture and its 3D body dimensions.

Several enterprise management instruments are used to support innovation. The Knowledge Matrix for Innovation (KMI) quantifies intangible assets of an enterprise in order to keep an improved inventory, gap bridges and eliminate redundancies. The KMI was defined and implemented for textile enterprises within the Erasmus+ project TexMatrix, in order to respond to their innovation needs: the KMI was transformed to a Benchmarking questionnaire, a Benchmarking study was conducted with 64 European textile enterprises and Reports on European, national and individual enterprise level were created. The needs of the enterprises were drawn from a SWOT analysis of the European Benchmarking report: 35 project solutions provided by the consortium partners were assigned to six main Opportunities of SWOT analysis. These project solutions contain results in fields like: research, market and training. The solutions altogether with three educational modules for supporting innovation were implemented within an e-learning course in five European languages of the project’s partners: English, Italian, Portuguese, Romanian and Slovenian. The Moodle e-learning course includes various resources (Book, Video) and activities (Quiz, Glossary, Chat and Forum).Training was performed for 199 textile professionals within 8 multiplier events and for 137 young students within 5 blended courses. Textile professionals expressed their interest in implementing some of the project solutions. All created Open Educational Resources are available with free access on the project’s e-learning platform: www.advan2tex.eu/portal/.

The two-fold purpose of this study is to document the current challenges of the 3D scanning and computer simulation techniques in developing functional garments for people with physical disabilities or postural disorder kyphosis. The first part of the study investigates the health problems of the wheelchair users and presents the possibilities of developing functional pants from the perspective of protection and health needs. The second part of the study investigates the usefulness of the newly developed methodology for elementary surfaces evaluation, named CASP (Curvature, Acceleration, Symmetry, Proportionality), in the process of designing the well-fitted bodice for wheelchair users suffering from the postural disorder kyphosis. The relationships between the health problems, human body postures, kyphosis, 3D scanning, CASP evaluation and treated garments were considered in the prototyping process. The obtained research results regarding the functional pants for wheelchair users and the well-fitted bodice for a kyphosis body are valuable also for a wider population of those who are forced to a sitting posture during a day and are confronted with similar health problems as paraplegics or are affected by the kyphosis.