Harshit Mittal

Water injection is a common practice in chemical processes to control reaction parameters. This study analyses the effects of water injection on a reaction rate, CO₂ molar uptake, and pressure variations in a 10 L water-based system. In the L-Valine experiment, datasets provided a main source of information on parameters such as pressure, rate of change of pressure (dp/dt), molar uptake of CO₂, and other related variables. The development of the regression-based model will be designed to simulate the impact of the water injections. After analyzing the machine learning model for the prediction, the correlation between the pressure, CO₂ molar uptake, concentration level, and other parameters (Z, dP/dt) was analyzed. The Random Forest Regressor model will predict the CO₂ uptake, pressure, and reaction rate to achieve the greater MSE, MAE, and R². The model asserts that increased water permitted greater CO₂ uptake and changed the reaction rate, it will help to understand the influences of this injection on the water-based system. Our study also highlighted the ability to predict and control the influence of injections can render the experimental model more effectively. The study highlights the importance of the proper control of injection parameters in chemical research. We can observe how the dynamic behavior of L-Valine experimental systems was greatly impacted by the injection of 10 L of water in 0.1 M concentration. These observations show how small variations in injection conditions greatly impact experimental results, further deepening our process optimization knowledge.

We are using hydrogen as an energy source because of its parameters that make it the best alternative. Here, we have designed and tested the model, or hydrogen tank, with specific specifications and have done a CFD analysis of that so that we can easily determine the limitations of the storage tank. This is because of the increasing need for energy in daily life which is required to find alternative energy and test its aspects in one way or another. To ensure that the findings we obtain adhere to the real-time parameters, we additionally applied some real-time boundary conditions and made some assumptions. It is our responsibility to test everything associated with the energy source, even if it is only storage, to improve storage and increase the significance of the energy source. This is because we learn about the break capacity of the object in which we are storing the energy.

Bullet-resistant vests, commonly confused as "bulletproof," provide limited protection owing to material limitations. Conventional vests employ steel or ceramic plates with fibers such as Kevlar, Spectra, or Dyneema. Although Kevlar has excellent tensile strength, its low compression resistance makes it imperative to seek alternative materials. Modern materials such as graphene, carbon nanotube composites, TWIP steel, and STF-infused panels hold promise owing to their enhanced strength and flexibility. Natural fibers such as Kenaf, blended with Kevlar polymers, and rugged fabrics such as Cordura and ballistic nylon are also under investigation. All these notwithstanding, most alternatives are still in research phases and are not yet commercially available for large-scale military applications.

This research analyzes global carbon dioxide emissions trends and mitigation technology throughout the capture-utilization-storage chain. The global CO2 emissions keep rising even after climate deals across nations, with 73.2% of global emissions coming from the energy industry. We review capture technologies (post-combustion, oxy-combustion, and pre-combustion), utilization routes (chemical conversion to valuable products like organic carbonates and formic acid, biological conversion by microalgae for biofuels, fuel recovery enhancement, and desalination), and storage processes (geological sequestration and mineralization). Although such technologies have great potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations and create economic value, challenges exist in energy efficiency, economic competitiveness, and upscaling to industrial production scales necessary to meet climate objectives.

Hydrogen is a promising clean energy carrier because it is abundant, has high energy density, and can be used for near-zero emissions. Though it has many benefits, the shift to a low-carbon hydrogen (LCH) economy is confronted with major economic, technological, environmental, and policy hurdles. This review synthesizes current opinion regarding hydrogen production, storage, and usage, critically examines the green versus blue hydrogen dichotomy, and considers policy options influencing future demand for hydrogen. It also discerns gaps in current research, compares economic viability, and proposes a framework for a viable LCH economy. The review ends with an outline of recommendations for filling in the gaps and stepping up the deployment of hydrogen as a central element of decarbonization worldwide.

Traditional technology for making commercial coatings is limited in terms of efficiency and environmentally sustainability. Emerging machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to transform the coatings industry through data-driven design, forecasting, and optimization of coating properties and processes. In this article, a brief overview of ML applications in protein-resistant, damping, ferroalloy, TiO₂, and epoxy-based coating design for net-zero carbon goals and sustainable production is presented. The major ML methods like neural networks and regression models are highlighted in property prediction, design optimization, and market analysis. The review concentrates on the transition from empirical and thermodynamic models to intelligent, green manufacturing for the substitution of traditional practices with novel, eco-friendly technologies.

Boron-Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) are electrical insulators that usually have higher thermal and chemical properties than Carbon Nanotubes. Some of the most exceptional stiffness are shown by BNNTs, which shows potential applications in polymeric composites and ceramics. Such high stiffness also leads to lighter, more affordable, and faster transportation applications for lightweight ballistic armor and applications. When considering BNNTs' possible uses, focusing on their thermal and oxidative stability and their chemical inertness is essential. These properties can be logically used in capsules in which we have to protect nanomaterials that are unstable in the air or can be contaminated easily at standard atmosphere. This study discusses about the current trends, sustainable elucidation of synthesis methods, and prospective applications of boron nitride nanotubes. Through recent advancements, many new technologies are used in synthesizing and applying BNNTs and boron-nitride carbon nanotubes, giving higher yields and keeping the unique properties shown intact which align with the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. A balanced approach has been followed in the review to cover all the significant challenges, opportunities and economics of various industry-based production and application models associated with the BNNTs towards carbon neutrality.

Aerogels are novel materials that span the gap between liquids and gases because of their distinctive physical properties, such as high surface area and low thermal conductivity. Aerogels are extremely light, highly porous, and low-density materials, but they may also be made to exhibit mechanical properties like increased stiffness and strength by controlling their feature structures while keeping their relative density low. Due to excellent properties shown by aerogels, they have a lot of different applications and are used in paints, pharmacy, sensors, insulators, acoustics and tank baffles etc. In the recent times, Research and Development have contributed a lot in aerogels but it has not been as successful to industrialise and commercialise a lot of those aerogels such as synthetic and polymer-based aerogels. In this article we will discuss the past, current and future perspectives to overcome such challenges for maximum commercialisation and scale up of aerogels as well as discuss about the properties and applications of different types of aerogels for sustainability and carbon neutrality.

A considerable amount of decarbonization is being driven by multinational corporations and technology companies all over the world as a result of the necessity to reduce and control the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) to lower the global carbon footprint. A perspective of the outlook of green hydrogen generation is held through the utilization of AEMs, wind, and PEMECs to establish energy transitional approaches. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolysers overcome the worst problems of conventional types of electrolysers because of their ability to use non-platinum and non-nafion membrane materials, high hydrogen storage density, and compact microcells recommended for large-scale low-carbon systems. Another technique for ultraclean hydrogen production via oxidation is ethanol electrocatalysis in PEMECs. In this study, hydrogen production via water electrolysis with the help of anion-conducting solid polymer electrolytes and a novel integrated inorganic membrane electrode assembly (I2 MEA) for anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis by using inorganic Mg-Al layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDHs) as an ionic conductor were also theoretically and economically investigated and opinionated to produce low-carbon hydrogen.

In most cases, bulletproof vests do not give the desired total protection to the users; therefore, it would be more accurate to refer to them as "Bullet-resistant." Most vests comprise steel or ceramic plates covered in para-aramids or artificial high-performance fibres like Kevlar, Spectra, and Dyneema. Despite its high tensile strength, Kevlar also has disadvantages like poor compression strength, which makes it urgent to find alternatives to the materials used in bulletproof vests. With the recent advances in technology and innovation, many materials are used other than para-aramid fibres, like Kevlar, Spectra, and Dyneema. These include Graphene, which weighs less than paper yet is the most robust material ever. Natural fibres which are reinforced in the Kevlar polymer composite, carbon nanotube-polymer composites, Kenaf fibre, Cordura, ballistic nylon, TWIP (twinning induced plastic) steel, shear thickening fluid (STF) filled paper panels, etc. With so many alternatives to advanced materials used in ballistic applications, many researchers are researching the materials. However, it is still in research and development and not commercially available for military and other purposes.