Rahmah S. Alzahrani

Mycobacterium riyadhense ( M. riyadhense ) is a slow‐growing nontuberculous mycobacterium that is increasingly being recognized as a cause of pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease, primarily in Saudi Arabia. Here, we report a case of M. riyadhense with an unusual presentation as a central nervous system mass, with an initial diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis and notable improvement with the use of steroids and rituximab prior to establishing the final diagnosis.

Background: Magnusiomyces clavatus (formerly Geotrichum clavatum/Saprochaete clavata ) is a yeast with a filamentous form, as well as an uncommon, yet emerging opportunistic pathogen. It occurs primarily in patients experiencing prolonged neutropenia, and there is limited evidence available to guide antifungal agent selection and treatment decisions. Case Summary: We present a case of disseminated infection caused by M. clavatus in a patient with myelofibrosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The patient was treated with voriconazole, as well as liposomal amphotericin B, along with granulocyte transfusion. The patient died from persistent fungemia, refractory septic shock, and multiorgan failure 20 days after the infection was first diagnosed. Conclusion: We subsequently discuss the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic features of this severe fungal infection and present a review of currently available literature.

Cancer is a genome disease, initiated by mutations in genes that usually control cell growth and division. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have important roles in both of tumor invasion and spread.The

Introduction: Despite the large number of caregivers suffering from various psychiatric disorders, research on psychological symptoms among caregivers of hospitalized patients is lacking in Saudi populations. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of hospitalized Saudi patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers of hospitalized patients was conducted. Arabic speaking caregivers (n = 353) between the ages of 14 and 80 years were included in the study. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) test (Arabic version) was used to measure the three psychological symptoms. Results: The study has shown high rates of depression, anxiety and stress among caregivers (72.8%, 76.5%, and 61.5%, respectively). Depression was found to be associated with long-term hospital stay (81.4% vs. 69.3%; p-value = 0.021) and family caregivers (75.4% vs. 46.9%, p-value = 0.001). Anxiety was found to be associated with family caregivers (78.8% vs. 53.1%; p-value = 0.001). The three psychological symptoms were higher among those with an age above 20 years old (p-value < 0.05). Multivariate logistic models show the risk of the psychological symptoms increased with low-income, higher education, immediate relation to the patient, and older caregivers. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were very common among caregivers. The results showed that approximately 8 out of 10 caregivers suffer from at least one psychiatric disorder. Older, low socioeconomic status, and well-educated caregivers were identified as being at higher risk of developing psychiatric symptoms.