Shun Gong
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The organizations/institutes from the scholar's latest article
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Shun Gong has a total of 5 co-authors. Here are the top co-authors by number of shared publications:
- Chen Cao
Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
1 shared publication - Jinqi Tang
College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
1 shared publication - Qiulei Zhang
Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University Beijing China
1 shared publication - Tianzhong Li
Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural University Beijing China
1 shared publication - Yan Li
Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
1 shared publication
Latest Publications
- Open Access
- 23 February 2024
- Published by MDPI AG in Horticulturae
- Vol. 10 (3) , 212
Pathogenic Factors and Mechanisms of the Alternaria Leaf Spot Pathogen in Apple
Alternaria leaf spot seriously threatens the sustainable development of the global apple industry, causing significant losses and reducing fruit quality and yield. The causal agent Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali (Alternaria mali, ALT) produces various molecules to modulate infection, such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, and elicitor-like molecules. ALT produces the host-specific AM-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. ALT also releases effectors into apple cells that modify host defense, but these proteins have not yet been described. Here, we identified the pathogenic fungal types responsible for early defoliation from diseased leaves of Fuji (Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’) apple collected from five districts in Shandong Province, China. The ALT isolates ALT2 to ALT7 were pathogenic to four apple cultivars, with ALT7 being the most aggressive. We extracted mycotoxins (AM-toxin-2 to AM-toxin-7) from each isolate and used them to treat different apple varieties, which led to leaf-spot symptoms and damaged chloroplasts and nuclear membranes, followed by cell death. AM-toxin-7 produced the most severe symptoms, but chloroplasts remained intact when the mycotoxin was inactivated. Mass spectrometry identified 134 secretory proteins in ALT7 exosomes, and three secreted proteins (AltABC, AltAO, and AltPDE) were confirmed to be involved in apple pathogenesis. Therefore, ALT secretes AM-toxin and secretory proteins as an infection strategy to promote fungal invasion and overcome the host defense system.
- 23 February 2024
- Published by MDPI AG in Horticulturae
- Vol. 10 (3) , 212
Open AccessPathogenic Factors and Mechanisms of the Alternaria Leaf Spot Pathogen in Apple
Alternaria leaf spot seriously threatens the sustainable development of the global apple industry, causing significant losses and reducing fruit quality and yield. The causal agent Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali (Alternaria mali, ALT) produces various molecules to modulate infection, such as cell wall-degrading enzymes, toxins, and elicitor-like molecules. ALT produces the host-specific AM-toxin, an important pathogenicity factor. ALT also releases effectors into apple cells that modify host defense, but these proteins have not yet been described. Here, we identified the pathogenic fungal types responsible for early defoliation from diseased leaves of Fuji (Malus domestica cv. ‘Fuji’) apple collected from five districts in Shandong Province, China. The ALT isolates ALT2 to ALT7 were pathogenic to four apple cultivars, with ALT7 being the most aggressive. We extracted mycotoxins (AM-toxin-2 to AM-toxin-7) from each isolate and used them to treat different apple varieties, which led to leaf-spot symptoms and damaged chloroplasts and nuclear membranes, followed by cell death. AM-toxin-7 produced the most severe symptoms, but chloroplasts remained intact when the mycotoxin was inactivated. Mass spectrometry identified 134 secretory proteins in ALT7 exosomes, and three secreted proteins (AltABC, AltAO, and AltPDE) were confirmed to be involved in apple pathogenesis. Therefore, ALT secretes AM-toxin and secretory proteins as an infection strategy to promote fungal invasion and overcome the host defense system.