Raquel Alvarez-Siguayro

This study examines female microenterprise entrepreneurship in the city of Juliaca, Peru, as a response to structural conditions of poverty, informality, and limited inclusion in public policies. The research aims to understand and interpret the dynamics of women-led entrepreneurship and its relationship with sustainable local socioeconomic development. A qualitative methodological approach based on an interpretive phenomenological design was adopted. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis with sixteen microentrepreneurs selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The findings reveal that intrinsic motivations (resilience, leadership, and self-fulfillment) and extrinsic motivations (economic independence, access to financing, and education) are key factors in the entrepreneurial process. In addition, entrepreneurial social capital, expressed through family, community, and institutional networks, plays a strategic role in the sustainability of businesses. The results also show that women entrepreneurs actively and significantly contribute to sustainable local socioeconomic development by strengthening local development ecosystems, generating employment, and promoting socially, fiscally, and ethically responsible practices. Despite their role as agents of change and transformation, women entrepreneurs continue to face structural barriers, highlighting the need for public policies with territorial and gender-sensitive approaches to strengthen their impact and sustainability.

This study examines female microenterprise entrepreneurship in the city of Juliaca, Peru, as a response to structural conditions of poverty, informality, and limited inclusion in public policies. In this context, the study seeks to understand and interpret the dynamics of women-led entrepreneurship and its articulation with sustainable local socioeconomic development. A qualitative methodological approach was adopted, based on an interpretative phenomenological design. The research techniques employed included in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentary review, applied to 16 female microentrepreneurs selected through purposive and snowball sampling. The findings reveal that intrinsic motivations (resilience, leadership, and self-fulfillment) and extrinsic motivations (economic independence, access to financing, and education) constitute key elements in the entrepreneurial process. Additionally, business social capital—through family, community, and institutional networks—was found to play a strategic role in business sustainability. Furthermore, women entrepreneurs actively and significantly contribute to sustainable local socioeconomic development by stimulating local economies, generating employment, and promoting socially, fiscally, and ethically responsible practices. Therefore, although women act as agents of change and transformation, they face structural barriers that require public policies with a territorial and gender-based approach to enhance their impact and sustainability.

In the context of the information and network society, with the incorporation of information and communication technologies, one of the most marked and controversial challenges of this last decade has been the growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in contemporary society, generating a series of ethical, social, economic and political dilemmas that deserve to be addressed. Therefore, the objective of the study is to analyze the implications of AI systems in the workplace and in daily social interactions. Applying the methodological approach of qualitative research, based on the methodological design of interpretive phenomenology, semi-structured and in-depth interviews have been conducted with 20 researchers and intellectuals from 11 countries of the Ibero-American continent: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela; all the participants in the study are associate members of the Ibero-American Network of Imaginaries and Representations. The findings reveal that, based on the established core social imaginary of “AI as an expression of modern Western instrumental rationality”, social imaginaries have been institutionalized, both regarding the implications of AI in the workplace and in everyday social interactions. In the first case, the social imaginaries of ethics in AI systems, the reproduction of socioeconomic inequalities and the complementarity between human beings and AI stand out; while, in the second case, the institutionalization of social imaginaries of dehumanization of AI, social alienation of humans from their being and algorithmic subjugation of everyday social life stand out. In short, given the configuration of the dominant social imaginary of the “new global order based on AI systems”, the research calls for the construction and institutionalization of the radical social imaginary of practical ethics in AI systems, which translates into technological policies and regulatory frameworks at a global and local level, implementing socio-institutional transformations, based on the paradigm of multilevel and multidimensional governance.

Objective: The study examines how labor competencies encompass technical knowledge, soft skills, attitudes, and values that are fundamental for the modernization and improvement of local public management. The research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16, emphasizing effective, accountable, and inclusive institutions. Method: The methodology is a systematic literature review using academic databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, and JSTOR, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles published between 2019 and 2024. Results and Discussion: The results reveal a significant gap between the required competencies and those currently possessed by many Peruvian local government officials, identifying challenges such as a shortage of trained technical cadres, clientelistic practices in hiring, lack of investment in continuous training, difficulties in retaining talent, and weaknesses in competency assessment. Conclusion: The study proposes a framework for implementing competency systems tailored to Peru’s local realities, supporting the design of development programs, recruitment systems, and performance evaluations. It highlights the potential of aligning these initiatives with SDG 16 to enhance institutional effectiveness and public trust. Research Implications: The article suggests future lines of research, including comparative studies and analysis of the impact of technology on competency management in local governments.

La investigación formativa virtual es concebida y aplicada como una estrategia pedagógica en la formación de investigadores en educación superior universitaria. El objetivo es sistematizar las experiencias de formación de investigadores en grado y posgrado universitario en la macrorregión sur del Perú, para contribuir en la producción académico-científica y en los niveles de titulación universitaria a nivel nacional e internacional. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación es cualitativo basado en la sistematización de experiencias y el estudio de casos. Se analizaron tres casos en universidades nacionales/públicas, aplicándose las técnicas de entrevista grupal virtual y lista de cotejo; los datos emergentes han sido procesados y analizados mediante el software Atlas.ti v.22. Los resultados se tradujeron en cinco subcategorías de análisis emergentes, las que se constituyen en prácticas pedagógicas en la formación de investigadores: Acompañamiento en el logro de resultados; exigencia, disciplina, colaboración y cumplimiento; asesoría personalizada individual y grupal; cobertura de brechas digitales en la educación virtual; y, complementariedad teoría-práctica. Se concluye que, la investigación formativa virtual como estrategia pedagógica permite la formación de investigadores noveles, reconociendo el sentido y el significado de los procesos de aprendizaje-enseñanza basados en los principios y valores formativos de colaboración, personalización y humanización.